Tribological investigations of hemp reinforced NAO brake friction polymer composites with varying percentage of resin loading
NAO brake friction materials with 4%, 5%, and 6% (w/v) sodium hydroxide treated hemp fiber reinforcement having 25% wt. fiber loading and fixed percentage of phenol formaldehyde resin content (20% wt.) along with other fillers have been studied and reported by the authors earlier. However, the effec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1348265/full |
| _version_ | 1827355509011775488 |
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| author | Mithul Naidu Ajit Bhosale Mahesh Gaikwad Sachin Salunkhe Robert Čep Emad Abouel Nasr |
| author_facet | Mithul Naidu Ajit Bhosale Mahesh Gaikwad Sachin Salunkhe Robert Čep Emad Abouel Nasr |
| author_sort | Mithul Naidu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | NAO brake friction materials with 4%, 5%, and 6% (w/v) sodium hydroxide treated hemp fiber reinforcement having 25% wt. fiber loading and fixed percentage of phenol formaldehyde resin content (20% wt.) along with other fillers have been studied and reported by the authors earlier. However, the effect of variations in the resin content on the tribological performance has been studied and reported in the present paper. Five variants were prepared with varying percentages of phenol formaldehyde resin from 12% wt. to 22% wt. with incremental steps of 2% wt, along with the optimum of 6% (w/v) sodium hydroxide treated hemp fibers and other fillers. The prepared test variants’ tribological characterization was done using Taguchi’s L25 orthogonal array on a pin-on-disc experimental setup, as per ASTM G99, at room temperature and compared with the best of the earlier studied friction composite. Fade and recovery tests of the best of the earlier studied and present ones were performed on a chase tribology tester per SAE J661 standards. The results revealed moderate coefficient of friction of 0.4496, lower wear rate of 0.57 gm, and better fade recovery for the HF25P20 variant compared to its counterparts studied here. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:13:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2594f96429a48c5b3bff489e633769a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-8016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:13:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2594f96429a48c5b3bff489e633769a2024-02-08T17:28:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Materials2296-80162024-02-011110.3389/fmats.2024.13482651348265Tribological investigations of hemp reinforced NAO brake friction polymer composites with varying percentage of resin loadingMithul Naidu0Ajit Bhosale1Mahesh Gaikwad2Sachin Salunkhe3Robert Čep4Emad Abouel Nasr5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shrimati Kashibai Navale College of Engineering, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, MKSSS’s Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Pune, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, JSPM’S Jayawantrao Sawant College of Engineering, Pune, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, TurkeyDepartment of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, CzechiaDepartment of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNAO brake friction materials with 4%, 5%, and 6% (w/v) sodium hydroxide treated hemp fiber reinforcement having 25% wt. fiber loading and fixed percentage of phenol formaldehyde resin content (20% wt.) along with other fillers have been studied and reported by the authors earlier. However, the effect of variations in the resin content on the tribological performance has been studied and reported in the present paper. Five variants were prepared with varying percentages of phenol formaldehyde resin from 12% wt. to 22% wt. with incremental steps of 2% wt, along with the optimum of 6% (w/v) sodium hydroxide treated hemp fibers and other fillers. The prepared test variants’ tribological characterization was done using Taguchi’s L25 orthogonal array on a pin-on-disc experimental setup, as per ASTM G99, at room temperature and compared with the best of the earlier studied friction composite. Fade and recovery tests of the best of the earlier studied and present ones were performed on a chase tribology tester per SAE J661 standards. The results revealed moderate coefficient of friction of 0.4496, lower wear rate of 0.57 gm, and better fade recovery for the HF25P20 variant compared to its counterparts studied here.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1348265/fullhemp fibersphenol formaldehydefade-recoveryanovaTaguchiScanning electron microscopy |
| spellingShingle | Mithul Naidu Ajit Bhosale Mahesh Gaikwad Sachin Salunkhe Robert Čep Emad Abouel Nasr Tribological investigations of hemp reinforced NAO brake friction polymer composites with varying percentage of resin loading Frontiers in Materials hemp fibers phenol formaldehyde fade-recovery anova Taguchi Scanning electron microscopy |
| title | Tribological investigations of hemp reinforced NAO brake friction polymer composites with varying percentage of resin loading |
| title_full | Tribological investigations of hemp reinforced NAO brake friction polymer composites with varying percentage of resin loading |
| title_fullStr | Tribological investigations of hemp reinforced NAO brake friction polymer composites with varying percentage of resin loading |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tribological investigations of hemp reinforced NAO brake friction polymer composites with varying percentage of resin loading |
| title_short | Tribological investigations of hemp reinforced NAO brake friction polymer composites with varying percentage of resin loading |
| title_sort | tribological investigations of hemp reinforced nao brake friction polymer composites with varying percentage of resin loading |
| topic | hemp fibers phenol formaldehyde fade-recovery anova Taguchi Scanning electron microscopy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1348265/full |
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