Primary sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> organic aerosol in an industrial Mediterranean city, Marseille
Marseille, the most important port of the Mediterranean Sea, represents a challenging case study for source apportionment exercises, combining an active photochemistry and multiple emission sources, including fugitive emissions from industrial sources and shipping. This paper presents a Chemical Mas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2011-03-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/2039/2011/acp-11-2039-2011.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818062089553444864 |
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| author | I. El Haddad N. Marchand H. Wortham C. Piot J.-L. Besombes J. Cozic C. Chauvel A. Armengaud D. Robin J.-L. Jaffrezo |
| author_facet | I. El Haddad N. Marchand H. Wortham C. Piot J.-L. Besombes J. Cozic C. Chauvel A. Armengaud D. Robin J.-L. Jaffrezo |
| author_sort | I. El Haddad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marseille, the most important port of the Mediterranean Sea, represents a
challenging case study for source apportionment exercises, combining an
active photochemistry and multiple emission sources, including fugitive
emissions from industrial sources and shipping. This paper presents a
Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) approach based on organic markers and metals to
apportion the primary sources of organic aerosol in Marseille, with a
special focus on industrial emissions. Overall, the CMB model accounts for
the major primary anthropogenic sources including motor vehicles, biomass
burning and the aggregate emissions from three industrial processes (heavy
fuel oil combustion/shipping, coke production and steel manufacturing) as
well as some primary biogenic emissions. This source apportionment exercise
is well corroborated by <sup>14</sup>C measurements. Primary OC estimated by the
CMB accounts on average for 22% of total OC and is dominated by the
vehicular emissions that contribute on average for 17% of OC mass
concentration (vehicular PM contributes for 17% of PM<sub>2.5</sub>). Even
though industrial emissions contribute only 2.3% of the total OC
(7% of PM<sub>2.5</sub>), they are associated with ultrafine particles
(<i>Dp</i><80 nm) and high concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and
heavy metals such as Pb, Ni and V. On one hand, given that industrial
emissions governed key primary markers, their omission would lead to
substantial uncertainties in the CMB analysis performed in areas heavily
impacted by such sources, hindering accurate estimation of non-industrial
primary sources and secondary sources. On the other hand, being associated
with bursts of submicron particles and carcinogenic and mutagenic components
such as PAH, these emissions are most likely related with acute ill-health
outcomes and should be regulated despite their small contributions to OC.
Another important result is the fact that 78% of OC mass cannot be
attributed to the major primary sources and, thus, remains un-apportioned. We
have consequently critically investigated the uncertainties underlying our
CMB apportionments. While we have provided some evidence for photochemical
decay of hopanes, this decay does not appear to significantly alter the CMB
estimates of the total primary OC. Sampling artifacts and unaccounted
primary sources also appear to marginally influence the amount of
un-apportioned OC. Therefore, this significant amount of un-apportioned OC
is mostly attributed to secondary organic carbon that appears to be the
major component of OC during the whole period of study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:58:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d267560f11a04ce1bfa4ca3f23de01df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:58:40Z |
| publishDate | 2011-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d267560f11a04ce1bfa4ca3f23de01df2022-12-22T01:45:52ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242011-03-011152039205810.5194/acp-11-2039-2011Primary sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> organic aerosol in an industrial Mediterranean city, MarseilleI. El Haddad0N. Marchand1H. Wortham2C. Piot3J.-L. Besombes4J. Cozic5C. Chauvel6A. Armengaud7D. Robin8J.-L. Jaffrezo9Universités d'Aix-Marseille-CNRS, UMR 6264: Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Equipe Instrumentation et Réactivité Atmosphérique, Marseille, 13331, FranceUniversités d'Aix-Marseille-CNRS, UMR 6264: Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Equipe Instrumentation et Réactivité Atmosphérique, Marseille, 13331, FranceUniversités d'Aix-Marseille-CNRS, UMR 6264: Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Equipe Instrumentation et Réactivité Atmosphérique, Marseille, 13331, FranceLaboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement, Université Savoie-Polytech'Savoie, Chambéry, FranceLaboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement, Université Savoie-Polytech'Savoie, Chambéry, FranceUniversité Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1-CNRS, UMR 5183, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement, Saint Martin d'Hères, 38402, FranceUniversité Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1-CNRS, UMR 5025, Laboratoire de Geodynamique des Chaines Alpines, BP 53, Grenoble, 38048, FranceRegional Network for Air Quality Monitoring (ATMO-PACA), 146 rue Paradis 13006 Marseille, FranceRegional Network for Air Quality Monitoring (ATMO-PACA), 146 rue Paradis 13006 Marseille, FranceUniversité Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1-CNRS, UMR 5183, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement, Saint Martin d'Hères, 38402, FranceMarseille, the most important port of the Mediterranean Sea, represents a challenging case study for source apportionment exercises, combining an active photochemistry and multiple emission sources, including fugitive emissions from industrial sources and shipping. This paper presents a Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) approach based on organic markers and metals to apportion the primary sources of organic aerosol in Marseille, with a special focus on industrial emissions. Overall, the CMB model accounts for the major primary anthropogenic sources including motor vehicles, biomass burning and the aggregate emissions from three industrial processes (heavy fuel oil combustion/shipping, coke production and steel manufacturing) as well as some primary biogenic emissions. This source apportionment exercise is well corroborated by <sup>14</sup>C measurements. Primary OC estimated by the CMB accounts on average for 22% of total OC and is dominated by the vehicular emissions that contribute on average for 17% of OC mass concentration (vehicular PM contributes for 17% of PM<sub>2.5</sub>). Even though industrial emissions contribute only 2.3% of the total OC (7% of PM<sub>2.5</sub>), they are associated with ultrafine particles (<i>Dp</i><80 nm) and high concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals such as Pb, Ni and V. On one hand, given that industrial emissions governed key primary markers, their omission would lead to substantial uncertainties in the CMB analysis performed in areas heavily impacted by such sources, hindering accurate estimation of non-industrial primary sources and secondary sources. On the other hand, being associated with bursts of submicron particles and carcinogenic and mutagenic components such as PAH, these emissions are most likely related with acute ill-health outcomes and should be regulated despite their small contributions to OC. Another important result is the fact that 78% of OC mass cannot be attributed to the major primary sources and, thus, remains un-apportioned. We have consequently critically investigated the uncertainties underlying our CMB apportionments. While we have provided some evidence for photochemical decay of hopanes, this decay does not appear to significantly alter the CMB estimates of the total primary OC. Sampling artifacts and unaccounted primary sources also appear to marginally influence the amount of un-apportioned OC. Therefore, this significant amount of un-apportioned OC is mostly attributed to secondary organic carbon that appears to be the major component of OC during the whole period of study.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/2039/2011/acp-11-2039-2011.pdf |
| spellingShingle | I. El Haddad N. Marchand H. Wortham C. Piot J.-L. Besombes J. Cozic C. Chauvel A. Armengaud D. Robin J.-L. Jaffrezo Primary sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> organic aerosol in an industrial Mediterranean city, Marseille Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Primary sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> organic aerosol in an industrial Mediterranean city, Marseille |
| title_full | Primary sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> organic aerosol in an industrial Mediterranean city, Marseille |
| title_fullStr | Primary sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> organic aerosol in an industrial Mediterranean city, Marseille |
| title_full_unstemmed | Primary sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> organic aerosol in an industrial Mediterranean city, Marseille |
| title_short | Primary sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> organic aerosol in an industrial Mediterranean city, Marseille |
| title_sort | primary sources of pm sub 2 5 sub organic aerosol in an industrial mediterranean city marseille |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/2039/2011/acp-11-2039-2011.pdf |
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