Pet dogs’ Behavioural Reaction to Their Caregiver’s Interactions with a Third Party: Join in or Interrupt?
Pet dogs are promising candidates to study attachment-related and potentially jealousy-like behaviours in non-human animals, as they form a strong and stable bond with their human caregivers who often engage in affiliative interactions with diverse social partners. Nevertheless, it is still debated...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/12/1574 |
| _version_ | 1797490699599347712 |
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| author | Sabrina Karl Kristina Anderle Christoph J. Völter Zsófia Virányi |
| author_facet | Sabrina Karl Kristina Anderle Christoph J. Völter Zsófia Virányi |
| author_sort | Sabrina Karl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pet dogs are promising candidates to study attachment-related and potentially jealousy-like behaviours in non-human animals, as they form a strong and stable bond with their human caregivers who often engage in affiliative interactions with diverse social partners. Nevertheless, it is still debated whether non-human animals are capable of experiencing such complex emotions. Even though caregivers frequently report observations of jealousy-like behaviours in dogs, behavioural studies in dogs have thus far led to contradictory results. Adding to this complexity, dogs appear extraordinarily skilled in understanding humans’ communicative behaviour and can flexibly and diversely interact with them in social contexts. Here, we aimed at investigating (1) whether dogs indeed respond in a jealousy-consistent manner when seeing their caregiver interact in an affiliative way with a remotely controlled, realistic-looking fake dog, or (2) whether they would rather synchronize their reaction to the fake dog with the caregiver’s behaviour, or (3) whether they respond directly to the caregiver without paying much attention to the third party. To address what drives the dogs’ behaviours in this triadic situation, we compared four groups of dogs who first observed and then joined the interaction of either the caregiver or a stranger greeting or medically examining the fake dog. We found that the dogs initially responded negatively or neutrally when the fake dog entered the room but changed to more positive reactions when the caregiver approached the fake dog, especially if initiating a positive interaction. When being released, more dogs showed friendly behaviours towards the fake dog when the caregiver—rather than the stranger—was interacting with it. At the same time, however, the dogs tried to block the interaction of the caregiver with the fake dog more often than the one of the stranger. In conclusion, we did not find clear evidence for jealousy-like behaviours in dogs during the human–fake dog interactions, but we observed indicators of behavioural synchronization with the caregivers, suggesting that the caregivers’ affiliative behaviours directed at a third party may more often facilitate positive than negative interactions in dogs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:36:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d26f908be87b4676b4866029be0d842b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:36:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-d26f908be87b4676b4866029be0d842b2023-11-23T15:15:25ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-06-011212157410.3390/ani12121574Pet dogs’ Behavioural Reaction to Their Caregiver’s Interactions with a Third Party: Join in or Interrupt?Sabrina Karl0Kristina Anderle1Christoph J. Völter2Zsófia Virányi3Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaComparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaComparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaComparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaPet dogs are promising candidates to study attachment-related and potentially jealousy-like behaviours in non-human animals, as they form a strong and stable bond with their human caregivers who often engage in affiliative interactions with diverse social partners. Nevertheless, it is still debated whether non-human animals are capable of experiencing such complex emotions. Even though caregivers frequently report observations of jealousy-like behaviours in dogs, behavioural studies in dogs have thus far led to contradictory results. Adding to this complexity, dogs appear extraordinarily skilled in understanding humans’ communicative behaviour and can flexibly and diversely interact with them in social contexts. Here, we aimed at investigating (1) whether dogs indeed respond in a jealousy-consistent manner when seeing their caregiver interact in an affiliative way with a remotely controlled, realistic-looking fake dog, or (2) whether they would rather synchronize their reaction to the fake dog with the caregiver’s behaviour, or (3) whether they respond directly to the caregiver without paying much attention to the third party. To address what drives the dogs’ behaviours in this triadic situation, we compared four groups of dogs who first observed and then joined the interaction of either the caregiver or a stranger greeting or medically examining the fake dog. We found that the dogs initially responded negatively or neutrally when the fake dog entered the room but changed to more positive reactions when the caregiver approached the fake dog, especially if initiating a positive interaction. When being released, more dogs showed friendly behaviours towards the fake dog when the caregiver—rather than the stranger—was interacting with it. At the same time, however, the dogs tried to block the interaction of the caregiver with the fake dog more often than the one of the stranger. In conclusion, we did not find clear evidence for jealousy-like behaviours in dogs during the human–fake dog interactions, but we observed indicators of behavioural synchronization with the caregivers, suggesting that the caregivers’ affiliative behaviours directed at a third party may more often facilitate positive than negative interactions in dogs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/12/1574domestic dogattachmentemotionsjealousybehavioural synchronizationhuman–fake dog interaction |
| spellingShingle | Sabrina Karl Kristina Anderle Christoph J. Völter Zsófia Virányi Pet dogs’ Behavioural Reaction to Their Caregiver’s Interactions with a Third Party: Join in or Interrupt? Animals domestic dog attachment emotions jealousy behavioural synchronization human–fake dog interaction |
| title | Pet dogs’ Behavioural Reaction to Their Caregiver’s Interactions with a Third Party: Join in or Interrupt? |
| title_full | Pet dogs’ Behavioural Reaction to Their Caregiver’s Interactions with a Third Party: Join in or Interrupt? |
| title_fullStr | Pet dogs’ Behavioural Reaction to Their Caregiver’s Interactions with a Third Party: Join in or Interrupt? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pet dogs’ Behavioural Reaction to Their Caregiver’s Interactions with a Third Party: Join in or Interrupt? |
| title_short | Pet dogs’ Behavioural Reaction to Their Caregiver’s Interactions with a Third Party: Join in or Interrupt? |
| title_sort | pet dogs behavioural reaction to their caregiver s interactions with a third party join in or interrupt |
| topic | domestic dog attachment emotions jealousy behavioural synchronization human–fake dog interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/12/1574 |
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