Z-Type Heterojunction MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Photocatalyst-Activated Peroxymonosulfate for the Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Water
A Z-type heterojunction MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalyst with excellent performance was synthesized by an easy high-temperature thermal polymerization approach and combined with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation technology for highly effi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/70 |
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| author | Guanglu Lu Xinjuan Li Peng Lu He Guo Zimo Wang Qian Zhang Yuchao Li Wenbo Sun Jiutao An Zijian Zhang |
| author_facet | Guanglu Lu Xinjuan Li Peng Lu He Guo Zimo Wang Qian Zhang Yuchao Li Wenbo Sun Jiutao An Zijian Zhang |
| author_sort | Guanglu Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A Z-type heterojunction MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalyst with excellent performance was synthesized by an easy high-temperature thermal polymerization approach and combined with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation technology for highly efficient degrading of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Analysis of the morphological structural and photoelectric properties of the catalysts was achieved through different characterization approaches, showing that the addition of MnO<sub>2</sub> heightened visible light absorption by g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. The Mn<sub>1</sub>-CN<sub>1</sub>/PMS system showed the best degradation of TC wastewater, with a TC degradation efficiency of 96.97% following 180 min of treatment. This was an approximate 38.65% increase over the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/PMS system. Additionally, the Mn<sub>1</sub>-CN<sub>1</sub> catalyst exhibited excellent stability and reusability. The active species trapping experiment indicated •OH and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•−</sup> remained the primary active species to degrade TC in the combined system. TC degradation pathways and intermediate products were determined. The Three-Dimensional Excitation-Emission Matrix (3DEEM) was employed for analyzing changes in the molecular structure in TC photocatalytic degradation. The biological toxicity of TC and its degradation intermediates were investigated via the Toxicity Estimation Software Test (T.E.S.T.). The research offers fresh thinking for water environment pollution treatment. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:48Z |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d27b0011835c48ecac6eee182ed7b8402024-01-26T18:41:26ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-01-011217010.3390/toxics12010070Z-Type Heterojunction MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Photocatalyst-Activated Peroxymonosulfate for the Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in WaterGuanglu Lu0Xinjuan Li1Peng Lu2He Guo3Zimo Wang4Qian Zhang5Yuchao Li6Wenbo Sun7Jiutao An8Zijian Zhang9College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaDepartment of Marine Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, ChinaResearch Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, ChinaA Z-type heterojunction MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalyst with excellent performance was synthesized by an easy high-temperature thermal polymerization approach and combined with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation technology for highly efficient degrading of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Analysis of the morphological structural and photoelectric properties of the catalysts was achieved through different characterization approaches, showing that the addition of MnO<sub>2</sub> heightened visible light absorption by g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. The Mn<sub>1</sub>-CN<sub>1</sub>/PMS system showed the best degradation of TC wastewater, with a TC degradation efficiency of 96.97% following 180 min of treatment. This was an approximate 38.65% increase over the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/PMS system. Additionally, the Mn<sub>1</sub>-CN<sub>1</sub> catalyst exhibited excellent stability and reusability. The active species trapping experiment indicated •OH and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•−</sup> remained the primary active species to degrade TC in the combined system. TC degradation pathways and intermediate products were determined. The Three-Dimensional Excitation-Emission Matrix (3DEEM) was employed for analyzing changes in the molecular structure in TC photocatalytic degradation. The biological toxicity of TC and its degradation intermediates were investigated via the Toxicity Estimation Software Test (T.E.S.T.). The research offers fresh thinking for water environment pollution treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/70MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>peroxymonosulfatephotocatalyticdegradation mechanismTC |
| spellingShingle | Guanglu Lu Xinjuan Li Peng Lu He Guo Zimo Wang Qian Zhang Yuchao Li Wenbo Sun Jiutao An Zijian Zhang Z-Type Heterojunction MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Photocatalyst-Activated Peroxymonosulfate for the Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Water Toxics MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> peroxymonosulfate photocatalytic degradation mechanism TC |
| title | Z-Type Heterojunction MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Photocatalyst-Activated Peroxymonosulfate for the Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Water |
| title_full | Z-Type Heterojunction MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Photocatalyst-Activated Peroxymonosulfate for the Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Water |
| title_fullStr | Z-Type Heterojunction MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Photocatalyst-Activated Peroxymonosulfate for the Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Z-Type Heterojunction MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Photocatalyst-Activated Peroxymonosulfate for the Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Water |
| title_short | Z-Type Heterojunction MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Photocatalyst-Activated Peroxymonosulfate for the Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Water |
| title_sort | z type heterojunction mno sub 2 sub g c sub 3 sub n sub 4 sub photocatalyst activated peroxymonosulfate for the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride in water |
| topic | MnO<sub>2</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> peroxymonosulfate photocatalytic degradation mechanism TC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/70 |
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