Warming of Near-Surface Summer Water Temperatures in Lakes of the Conterminous United States
Because warming water temperatures have widespread consequences for freshwater communities, we were interested in estimating the patterns and rates of change of near-surface summer water temperatures in United States lakes. We developed multiple regression models to relate daily surface water temper...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3381 |
| _version_ | 1797545984833617920 |
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| author | Roger W. Bachmann Daniel E. Canfield Sapna Sharma Vincent Lecours |
| author_facet | Roger W. Bachmann Daniel E. Canfield Sapna Sharma Vincent Lecours |
| author_sort | Roger W. Bachmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Because warming water temperatures have widespread consequences for freshwater communities, we were interested in estimating the patterns and rates of change of near-surface summer water temperatures in United States lakes. We developed multiple regression models to relate daily surface water temperatures in lakes of the conterminous United States to 8-day average air temperatures, latitude, elevation, and sampling month and year using data from 5723 lake samples in the months of June-September during the period 1981–2018. Our model explained 79% of the variation with a root-mean-square error of 1.69 °C. We predicted monthly average near-surface water temperatures for 1033 lakes for each year from 1981 through 2018. Lakes across the conterminous United States have been warming for the period 1981–2018 at an average heating rate of 0.32 °C per decade for the summer months (June–September). The average summer warming from 1981–2018 would be the equivalent of a lake decreasing 259 m in elevation or moving 233 km south. On the basis of national air temperatures starting in 1895, it was inferred that lake water temperatures are variable from year to year and have been steadily increasing since 1964, but that maximum temperatures in the 1930s were just as warm as those in 2008–2018. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:23:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d27e739fee774cb6aab6d11f6c242e11 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:23:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-d27e739fee774cb6aab6d11f6c242e112023-11-20T23:12:55ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-12-011212338110.3390/w12123381Warming of Near-Surface Summer Water Temperatures in Lakes of the Conterminous United StatesRoger W. Bachmann0Daniel E. Canfield1Sapna Sharma2Vincent Lecours3Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USAFisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USADepartment of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaFisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USABecause warming water temperatures have widespread consequences for freshwater communities, we were interested in estimating the patterns and rates of change of near-surface summer water temperatures in United States lakes. We developed multiple regression models to relate daily surface water temperatures in lakes of the conterminous United States to 8-day average air temperatures, latitude, elevation, and sampling month and year using data from 5723 lake samples in the months of June-September during the period 1981–2018. Our model explained 79% of the variation with a root-mean-square error of 1.69 °C. We predicted monthly average near-surface water temperatures for 1033 lakes for each year from 1981 through 2018. Lakes across the conterminous United States have been warming for the period 1981–2018 at an average heating rate of 0.32 °C per decade for the summer months (June–September). The average summer warming from 1981–2018 would be the equivalent of a lake decreasing 259 m in elevation or moving 233 km south. On the basis of national air temperatures starting in 1895, it was inferred that lake water temperatures are variable from year to year and have been steadily increasing since 1964, but that maximum temperatures in the 1930s were just as warm as those in 2008–2018.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3381climate changelake heatingair–water temperaturesheating rates of lakeshindcasting temperatureslake temperature models |
| spellingShingle | Roger W. Bachmann Daniel E. Canfield Sapna Sharma Vincent Lecours Warming of Near-Surface Summer Water Temperatures in Lakes of the Conterminous United States Water climate change lake heating air–water temperatures heating rates of lakes hindcasting temperatures lake temperature models |
| title | Warming of Near-Surface Summer Water Temperatures in Lakes of the Conterminous United States |
| title_full | Warming of Near-Surface Summer Water Temperatures in Lakes of the Conterminous United States |
| title_fullStr | Warming of Near-Surface Summer Water Temperatures in Lakes of the Conterminous United States |
| title_full_unstemmed | Warming of Near-Surface Summer Water Temperatures in Lakes of the Conterminous United States |
| title_short | Warming of Near-Surface Summer Water Temperatures in Lakes of the Conterminous United States |
| title_sort | warming of near surface summer water temperatures in lakes of the conterminous united states |
| topic | climate change lake heating air–water temperatures heating rates of lakes hindcasting temperatures lake temperature models |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3381 |
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