Structural and Functional Aspects of the Spleen in Molly Fish <i>Poecilia sphenops</i> (Valenciennes, 1846): Synergistic Interactions of Stem Cells, Neurons, and Immune Cells
In fish, the spleen is the prime secondary lymphoid organ. It has a role in the induction of adaptive immune responses, in addition to its significance in the elimination of immune complexes. This study was conducted on 18 randomly obtained adult molly fish (<i>Poecilia sphenops</i>) of...
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2022-05-01
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| author | Ramy K. A. Sayed Giacomo Zaccone Gioele Capillo Marco Albano Doaa M. Mokhtar |
| author_facet | Ramy K. A. Sayed Giacomo Zaccone Gioele Capillo Marco Albano Doaa M. Mokhtar |
| author_sort | Ramy K. A. Sayed |
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| description | In fish, the spleen is the prime secondary lymphoid organ. It has a role in the induction of adaptive immune responses, in addition to its significance in the elimination of immune complexes. This study was conducted on 18 randomly obtained adult molly fish (<i>Poecilia sphenops</i>) of both sexes using histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural studies to highlight the cellular components of the spleen and their potential role in the immune system. The spleen of molly fish was characterized by the presence of well-distinct melanomacrophage centers, and other basic structures present in higher vertebrates including red and white pulps, blood vessels, and ellipsoids. Some mitotic cells could also be identified in the red pulp. Mast cells with characteristic metachromatic granules could be seen among the splenic cells. Rodlet cells were randomly distributed in the spleen and were also observed around the ellipsoids. The white pulp of the spleen expressed APG5. The expressions were well distinct in the melanomacrophages, leukocytes, and macrophages. Myostatin was expressed in leukocytes and epithelial reticular cells. IL-1β showed immunoreactivity in monocytes and macrophages around the ellipsoids. NF-κB and TGF-β were expressed in macrophages and epithelial reticular cells. Nrf2 expression was detected in stem cells and rodlet cells. Sox-9 had a higher expression in epithelial reticular cells and stem cells. The high frequency of immune cells in the spleen confirmed its role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. |
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| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:18:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d27eb2faf0b1451f86a3e2e98b674e042023-11-23T10:08:22ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-05-0111577910.3390/biology11050779Structural and Functional Aspects of the Spleen in Molly Fish <i>Poecilia sphenops</i> (Valenciennes, 1846): Synergistic Interactions of Stem Cells, Neurons, and Immune CellsRamy K. A. Sayed0Giacomo Zaccone1Gioele Capillo2Marco Albano3Doaa M. Mokhtar4Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, EgyptDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut 71526, EgyptIn fish, the spleen is the prime secondary lymphoid organ. It has a role in the induction of adaptive immune responses, in addition to its significance in the elimination of immune complexes. This study was conducted on 18 randomly obtained adult molly fish (<i>Poecilia sphenops</i>) of both sexes using histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural studies to highlight the cellular components of the spleen and their potential role in the immune system. The spleen of molly fish was characterized by the presence of well-distinct melanomacrophage centers, and other basic structures present in higher vertebrates including red and white pulps, blood vessels, and ellipsoids. Some mitotic cells could also be identified in the red pulp. Mast cells with characteristic metachromatic granules could be seen among the splenic cells. Rodlet cells were randomly distributed in the spleen and were also observed around the ellipsoids. The white pulp of the spleen expressed APG5. The expressions were well distinct in the melanomacrophages, leukocytes, and macrophages. Myostatin was expressed in leukocytes and epithelial reticular cells. IL-1β showed immunoreactivity in monocytes and macrophages around the ellipsoids. NF-κB and TGF-β were expressed in macrophages and epithelial reticular cells. Nrf2 expression was detected in stem cells and rodlet cells. Sox-9 had a higher expression in epithelial reticular cells and stem cells. The high frequency of immune cells in the spleen confirmed its role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/5/779melanomacrophagesIL-1βlymphocytesleukocytesSOX9stem cells |
| spellingShingle | Ramy K. A. Sayed Giacomo Zaccone Gioele Capillo Marco Albano Doaa M. Mokhtar Structural and Functional Aspects of the Spleen in Molly Fish <i>Poecilia sphenops</i> (Valenciennes, 1846): Synergistic Interactions of Stem Cells, Neurons, and Immune Cells Biology melanomacrophages IL-1β lymphocytes leukocytes SOX9 stem cells |
| title | Structural and Functional Aspects of the Spleen in Molly Fish <i>Poecilia sphenops</i> (Valenciennes, 1846): Synergistic Interactions of Stem Cells, Neurons, and Immune Cells |
| title_full | Structural and Functional Aspects of the Spleen in Molly Fish <i>Poecilia sphenops</i> (Valenciennes, 1846): Synergistic Interactions of Stem Cells, Neurons, and Immune Cells |
| title_fullStr | Structural and Functional Aspects of the Spleen in Molly Fish <i>Poecilia sphenops</i> (Valenciennes, 1846): Synergistic Interactions of Stem Cells, Neurons, and Immune Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural and Functional Aspects of the Spleen in Molly Fish <i>Poecilia sphenops</i> (Valenciennes, 1846): Synergistic Interactions of Stem Cells, Neurons, and Immune Cells |
| title_short | Structural and Functional Aspects of the Spleen in Molly Fish <i>Poecilia sphenops</i> (Valenciennes, 1846): Synergistic Interactions of Stem Cells, Neurons, and Immune Cells |
| title_sort | structural and functional aspects of the spleen in molly fish i poecilia sphenops i valenciennes 1846 synergistic interactions of stem cells neurons and immune cells |
| topic | melanomacrophages IL-1β lymphocytes leukocytes SOX9 stem cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/5/779 |
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