Development and Verification of a Poultry Management Tool to Quantify <em>Salmonella</em> from Live to Final Product Utilizing RT-PCR
The United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA FSIS) does not maintain a zero-tolerance policy for <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry and poultry products, despite being a known food safety hazard throughout the poultry industry. In 2016, USDA FSIS establi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/2/419 |
| _version_ | 1797442467428040704 |
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| author | Savannah F. Applegate April K. Englishbey Tyler P. Stephens Marcos X. Sanchez-Plata |
| author_facet | Savannah F. Applegate April K. Englishbey Tyler P. Stephens Marcos X. Sanchez-Plata |
| author_sort | Savannah F. Applegate |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA FSIS) does not maintain a zero-tolerance policy for <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry and poultry products, despite being a known food safety hazard throughout the poultry industry. In 2016, USDA FSIS established performance standards for a 52-week moving window with the maximum acceptable percent positive for comminuted turkey (325 g sample) at 13.5% (7 of 52 samples). Based upon FSIS verification sampling results from one 52-week moving window, the <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence for each poultry establishment in category 1 (below limit), 2 (meeting limit), or 3 (exceeding limit) are published for public viewing. Moreover, many poultry producers continue to have post-intervention samples test positive. Therefore, the use of quantification would be more valuable to determine the efficacy of process control interventions, corrective actions, and final product Log CFU/g of <i>Salmonella</i> to make rapid, within shift, food safety decisions. Therefore, the objectives of these studies are to develop, verify, and validate a rapid and reliable quantification method utilizing RT-PCR to enumerate <i>Salmonella</i> in the poultry industry from flock to final product and to utilize the method in an application study. BAX<sup>®</sup> System SalQuant<sup>®</sup> is an application of the BAX<sup>®</sup> System Real-Time PCR Assay for <i>Salmonella</i> to enumerate low levels of <i>Salmonella</i> with shortened enrichment times. Curve development encompassed inoculating poultry matrix samples at four levels with an ATCC strain of <i>Salmonella</i>, with three biological replicates per inoculation level, and five technical replicates being run on the BAX<sup>®</sup> System for various timepoints, gathering the data, and creating a linear-fit equation. A linear-fit equation was provided for each timepoint. The ideal timepoint, based on the statistical parameters surrounding the equation (R2 > 0.80, Log RMSE < 0.60, and enumerable range 0.00 to 4.00 Log CFU/mL (g)) that most accurately estimate <i>Salmonella</i> compared to most probable number (MPN), was chosen to be utilized for further studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:42:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2857313ebf046beb774fb2671ec258b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:42:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2857313ebf046beb774fb2671ec258b2023-11-30T22:17:15ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-01-0112241910.3390/foods12020419Development and Verification of a Poultry Management Tool to Quantify <em>Salmonella</em> from Live to Final Product Utilizing RT-PCRSavannah F. Applegate0April K. Englishbey1Tyler P. Stephens2Marcos X. Sanchez-Plata3International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USAQualicon Diagnostics Division, Hygiena, LLC, 2 Boulden Circle, New Castle, DE 19720, USAQualicon Diagnostics Division, Hygiena, LLC, 2 Boulden Circle, New Castle, DE 19720, USAInternational Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USAThe United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA FSIS) does not maintain a zero-tolerance policy for <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry and poultry products, despite being a known food safety hazard throughout the poultry industry. In 2016, USDA FSIS established performance standards for a 52-week moving window with the maximum acceptable percent positive for comminuted turkey (325 g sample) at 13.5% (7 of 52 samples). Based upon FSIS verification sampling results from one 52-week moving window, the <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence for each poultry establishment in category 1 (below limit), 2 (meeting limit), or 3 (exceeding limit) are published for public viewing. Moreover, many poultry producers continue to have post-intervention samples test positive. Therefore, the use of quantification would be more valuable to determine the efficacy of process control interventions, corrective actions, and final product Log CFU/g of <i>Salmonella</i> to make rapid, within shift, food safety decisions. Therefore, the objectives of these studies are to develop, verify, and validate a rapid and reliable quantification method utilizing RT-PCR to enumerate <i>Salmonella</i> in the poultry industry from flock to final product and to utilize the method in an application study. BAX<sup>®</sup> System SalQuant<sup>®</sup> is an application of the BAX<sup>®</sup> System Real-Time PCR Assay for <i>Salmonella</i> to enumerate low levels of <i>Salmonella</i> with shortened enrichment times. Curve development encompassed inoculating poultry matrix samples at four levels with an ATCC strain of <i>Salmonella</i>, with three biological replicates per inoculation level, and five technical replicates being run on the BAX<sup>®</sup> System for various timepoints, gathering the data, and creating a linear-fit equation. A linear-fit equation was provided for each timepoint. The ideal timepoint, based on the statistical parameters surrounding the equation (R2 > 0.80, Log RMSE < 0.60, and enumerable range 0.00 to 4.00 Log CFU/mL (g)) that most accurately estimate <i>Salmonella</i> compared to most probable number (MPN), was chosen to be utilized for further studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/2/419<i>Salmonella</i> enumerationSalQuantdevelopmentpoultry matrices |
| spellingShingle | Savannah F. Applegate April K. Englishbey Tyler P. Stephens Marcos X. Sanchez-Plata Development and Verification of a Poultry Management Tool to Quantify <em>Salmonella</em> from Live to Final Product Utilizing RT-PCR Foods <i>Salmonella</i> enumeration SalQuant development poultry matrices |
| title | Development and Verification of a Poultry Management Tool to Quantify <em>Salmonella</em> from Live to Final Product Utilizing RT-PCR |
| title_full | Development and Verification of a Poultry Management Tool to Quantify <em>Salmonella</em> from Live to Final Product Utilizing RT-PCR |
| title_fullStr | Development and Verification of a Poultry Management Tool to Quantify <em>Salmonella</em> from Live to Final Product Utilizing RT-PCR |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Verification of a Poultry Management Tool to Quantify <em>Salmonella</em> from Live to Final Product Utilizing RT-PCR |
| title_short | Development and Verification of a Poultry Management Tool to Quantify <em>Salmonella</em> from Live to Final Product Utilizing RT-PCR |
| title_sort | development and verification of a poultry management tool to quantify em salmonella em from live to final product utilizing rt pcr |
| topic | <i>Salmonella</i> enumeration SalQuant development poultry matrices |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/2/419 |
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