The PPARα Regulation of the Gut Physiology in Regard to Interaction with Microbiota, Intestinal Immunity, Metabolism, and Permeability
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is expressed throughout the mammalian gut: in epithelial cells, in the villi of enterocytes and in Paneth cells of intestinal crypts, as well as in some immune cells (e.g., <i>lamina propria</i> macrophages, dendritic cells) of the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/22/14156 |
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| author | Maja Grabacka Przemysław M. Płonka Małgorzata Pierzchalska |
| author_facet | Maja Grabacka Przemysław M. Płonka Małgorzata Pierzchalska |
| author_sort | Maja Grabacka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is expressed throughout the mammalian gut: in epithelial cells, in the villi of enterocytes and in Paneth cells of intestinal crypts, as well as in some immune cells (e.g., <i>lamina propria</i> macrophages, dendritic cells) of the mucosa. This review examines the reciprocal interaction between PPARα activation and intestinal microbiota. We refer to the published data confirming that microbiota products can influence PPARα signaling and, on the other hand, PPARα activation is able to affect microbiota profile, viability, and diversity. PPARα impact on the broad spectrum of events connected to metabolism, signaling (e.g., NO production), immunological tolerance to dietary antigens, immunity and permeability of the gut are also discussed. We believe that the phenomena described here play a prominent role in gut homeostasis. Therefore, in conclusion we propose future directions for research, including the application of synthetic activators and natural endogenous ligands of PPARα (i.e., endocannabinoids) as therapeutics for intestinal pathologies and systemic diseases assumed to be related to gut dysbiosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:17:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d296eddb107a419bbab336cdd1ac9f4d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:17:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d296eddb107a419bbab336cdd1ac9f4d2023-11-24T08:39:25ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-11-0123221415610.3390/ijms232214156The PPARα Regulation of the Gut Physiology in Regard to Interaction with Microbiota, Intestinal Immunity, Metabolism, and PermeabilityMaja Grabacka0Przemysław M. Płonka1Małgorzata Pierzchalska2Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, PolandPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is expressed throughout the mammalian gut: in epithelial cells, in the villi of enterocytes and in Paneth cells of intestinal crypts, as well as in some immune cells (e.g., <i>lamina propria</i> macrophages, dendritic cells) of the mucosa. This review examines the reciprocal interaction between PPARα activation and intestinal microbiota. We refer to the published data confirming that microbiota products can influence PPARα signaling and, on the other hand, PPARα activation is able to affect microbiota profile, viability, and diversity. PPARα impact on the broad spectrum of events connected to metabolism, signaling (e.g., NO production), immunological tolerance to dietary antigens, immunity and permeability of the gut are also discussed. We believe that the phenomena described here play a prominent role in gut homeostasis. Therefore, in conclusion we propose future directions for research, including the application of synthetic activators and natural endogenous ligands of PPARα (i.e., endocannabinoids) as therapeutics for intestinal pathologies and systemic diseases assumed to be related to gut dysbiosis.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/22/14156peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor αleaky gut syndromePaneth cells<i>Firmicutes</i><i>Bacteroidetes</i><i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> |
| spellingShingle | Maja Grabacka Przemysław M. Płonka Małgorzata Pierzchalska The PPARα Regulation of the Gut Physiology in Regard to Interaction with Microbiota, Intestinal Immunity, Metabolism, and Permeability International Journal of Molecular Sciences peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α leaky gut syndrome Paneth cells <i>Firmicutes</i> <i>Bacteroidetes</i> <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> |
| title | The PPARα Regulation of the Gut Physiology in Regard to Interaction with Microbiota, Intestinal Immunity, Metabolism, and Permeability |
| title_full | The PPARα Regulation of the Gut Physiology in Regard to Interaction with Microbiota, Intestinal Immunity, Metabolism, and Permeability |
| title_fullStr | The PPARα Regulation of the Gut Physiology in Regard to Interaction with Microbiota, Intestinal Immunity, Metabolism, and Permeability |
| title_full_unstemmed | The PPARα Regulation of the Gut Physiology in Regard to Interaction with Microbiota, Intestinal Immunity, Metabolism, and Permeability |
| title_short | The PPARα Regulation of the Gut Physiology in Regard to Interaction with Microbiota, Intestinal Immunity, Metabolism, and Permeability |
| title_sort | pparα regulation of the gut physiology in regard to interaction with microbiota intestinal immunity metabolism and permeability |
| topic | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α leaky gut syndrome Paneth cells <i>Firmicutes</i> <i>Bacteroidetes</i> <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/22/14156 |
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