Thermoregulated Coacervation, Metal-Encapsulation and Nanoparticle Synthesis in Novel Triazine Dendrimers
The synthesis and solubility behaviors of four generation five (G5) triazine dendrimers are studied. While the underivatized cationic dendrimer is soluble in water, the acetylated and propanoylated derivatives undergo coacervation in water upon increasing temperature. Occurring around room temperatu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2016-05-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/5/599 |
| _version_ | 1829497837437583360 |
|---|---|
| author | Fermín Ramírez-Crescencio Alan E. Enciso Mirza Hasan Viviana C. P. da Costa Onofrio Annunziata Rocío Redón Jeffery L. Coffer Eric E. Simanek |
| author_facet | Fermín Ramírez-Crescencio Alan E. Enciso Mirza Hasan Viviana C. P. da Costa Onofrio Annunziata Rocío Redón Jeffery L. Coffer Eric E. Simanek |
| author_sort | Fermín Ramírez-Crescencio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The synthesis and solubility behaviors of four generation five (G5) triazine dendrimers are studied. While the underivatized cationic dendrimer is soluble in water, the acetylated and propanoylated derivatives undergo coacervation in water upon increasing temperature. Occurring around room temperature, this behavior is related to a liquid-liquid phase transition with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and is explained by differences in composition, notably, the hydrophobic nature of the terminal groups. Interestingly, the water solubility of the acetylated dendrimer is affected by the addition of selected metal ions. Titrating solutions of acetylated dendrimer at temperatures below the LCST with gold or palladium ions promoted precipitation, but platinum, iridium, and copper did not. Gold nanoparticles having diameters of 2.5 ± 0.8 nm can be obtained from solutions of the acetylated dendrimer at concentrations of gold less than that required to induce precipitation by treating the solution with sodium borohydride. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T08:00:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d29a3eeae7f54b6abefe9207f930c2e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T08:00:44Z |
| publishDate | 2016-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-d29a3eeae7f54b6abefe9207f930c2e42022-12-21T22:38:37ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492016-05-0121559910.3390/molecules21050599molecules21050599Thermoregulated Coacervation, Metal-Encapsulation and Nanoparticle Synthesis in Novel Triazine DendrimersFermín Ramírez-Crescencio0Alan E. Enciso1Mirza Hasan2Viviana C. P. da Costa3Onofrio Annunziata4Rocío Redón5Jeffery L. Coffer6Eric E. Simanek7Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, A.P. 70–186, C.P., Cd. Mx. 04510, MexicoDepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USADepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USADepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USADepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USACentro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, A.P. 70–186, C.P., Cd. Mx. 04510, MexicoDepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USADepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USAThe synthesis and solubility behaviors of four generation five (G5) triazine dendrimers are studied. While the underivatized cationic dendrimer is soluble in water, the acetylated and propanoylated derivatives undergo coacervation in water upon increasing temperature. Occurring around room temperature, this behavior is related to a liquid-liquid phase transition with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and is explained by differences in composition, notably, the hydrophobic nature of the terminal groups. Interestingly, the water solubility of the acetylated dendrimer is affected by the addition of selected metal ions. Titrating solutions of acetylated dendrimer at temperatures below the LCST with gold or palladium ions promoted precipitation, but platinum, iridium, and copper did not. Gold nanoparticles having diameters of 2.5 ± 0.8 nm can be obtained from solutions of the acetylated dendrimer at concentrations of gold less than that required to induce precipitation by treating the solution with sodium borohydride.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/5/599dendrimertriazineLLPSLCSTthermoresponsivenanoparticle, gold |
| spellingShingle | Fermín Ramírez-Crescencio Alan E. Enciso Mirza Hasan Viviana C. P. da Costa Onofrio Annunziata Rocío Redón Jeffery L. Coffer Eric E. Simanek Thermoregulated Coacervation, Metal-Encapsulation and Nanoparticle Synthesis in Novel Triazine Dendrimers Molecules dendrimer triazine LLPS LCST thermoresponsive nanoparticle, gold |
| title | Thermoregulated Coacervation, Metal-Encapsulation and Nanoparticle Synthesis in Novel Triazine Dendrimers |
| title_full | Thermoregulated Coacervation, Metal-Encapsulation and Nanoparticle Synthesis in Novel Triazine Dendrimers |
| title_fullStr | Thermoregulated Coacervation, Metal-Encapsulation and Nanoparticle Synthesis in Novel Triazine Dendrimers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermoregulated Coacervation, Metal-Encapsulation and Nanoparticle Synthesis in Novel Triazine Dendrimers |
| title_short | Thermoregulated Coacervation, Metal-Encapsulation and Nanoparticle Synthesis in Novel Triazine Dendrimers |
| title_sort | thermoregulated coacervation metal encapsulation and nanoparticle synthesis in novel triazine dendrimers |
| topic | dendrimer triazine LLPS LCST thermoresponsive nanoparticle, gold |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/5/599 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ferminramirezcrescencio thermoregulatedcoacervationmetalencapsulationandnanoparticlesynthesisinnoveltriazinedendrimers AT alaneenciso thermoregulatedcoacervationmetalencapsulationandnanoparticlesynthesisinnoveltriazinedendrimers AT mirzahasan thermoregulatedcoacervationmetalencapsulationandnanoparticlesynthesisinnoveltriazinedendrimers AT vivianacpdacosta thermoregulatedcoacervationmetalencapsulationandnanoparticlesynthesisinnoveltriazinedendrimers AT onofrioannunziata thermoregulatedcoacervationmetalencapsulationandnanoparticlesynthesisinnoveltriazinedendrimers AT rocioredon thermoregulatedcoacervationmetalencapsulationandnanoparticlesynthesisinnoveltriazinedendrimers AT jefferylcoffer thermoregulatedcoacervationmetalencapsulationandnanoparticlesynthesisinnoveltriazinedendrimers AT ericesimanek thermoregulatedcoacervationmetalencapsulationandnanoparticlesynthesisinnoveltriazinedendrimers |