Progress in Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccine Development Based on Molecular Characteristics of EBV Target Antigens
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) was discovered in 1964 in the cell line of Burkitt lymphoma and became first known human oncogenic virus. EBV belongs to the <i>Herpesviridae</i> family, and is present worldwide as it infects 95% of people. Infection with EBV usually happens during childhood whe...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/8/864 |
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| author | Marija Rozman Petra Korać Karlo Jambrosic Snjezana Židovec Lepej |
| author_facet | Marija Rozman Petra Korać Karlo Jambrosic Snjezana Židovec Lepej |
| author_sort | Marija Rozman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) was discovered in 1964 in the cell line of Burkitt lymphoma and became first known human oncogenic virus. EBV belongs to the <i>Herpesviridae</i> family, and is present worldwide as it infects 95% of people. Infection with EBV usually happens during childhood when it remains asymptomatic; however, in adults, it can cause an acute infection known as infectious mononucleosis. In addition, EBV can cause wide range of tumors with origins in B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells. Its oncogenicity and wide distribution indicated the need for vaccine development. Research on mice and cultured cells as well as human clinical trials have been in progress for a few decades for both prophylactic and therapeutic EBV vaccines. The main targets of the vaccines are EBV envelope glycoproteins such as gp350 and EBV latent genes. The long wait for the EBV vaccine is due to the complexity of the EBV replication cycle and the wide range of its host cells. Although some strategies such as the use of dendritic cells and recombinant Vaccinia viral vectors have shown success, ongoing clinical trials using mRNA-based vaccines as well as new delivery systems as nanoparticles are yet to show the best choice of vaccine target and its production strategy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:49:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2a92694430e46afa485895d70785ee3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:49:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2a92694430e46afa485895d70785ee32023-11-30T22:09:13ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-07-0111886410.3390/pathogens11080864Progress in Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccine Development Based on Molecular Characteristics of EBV Target AntigensMarija Rozman0Petra Korać1Karlo Jambrosic2Snjezana Židovec Lepej3Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, CroatiaDivision of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, CroatiaLaboratory for Analytical Chemistry and Biogeochemistry of Organic Compounds, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10000, CroatiaDepartment of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, CroatiaEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) was discovered in 1964 in the cell line of Burkitt lymphoma and became first known human oncogenic virus. EBV belongs to the <i>Herpesviridae</i> family, and is present worldwide as it infects 95% of people. Infection with EBV usually happens during childhood when it remains asymptomatic; however, in adults, it can cause an acute infection known as infectious mononucleosis. In addition, EBV can cause wide range of tumors with origins in B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells. Its oncogenicity and wide distribution indicated the need for vaccine development. Research on mice and cultured cells as well as human clinical trials have been in progress for a few decades for both prophylactic and therapeutic EBV vaccines. The main targets of the vaccines are EBV envelope glycoproteins such as gp350 and EBV latent genes. The long wait for the EBV vaccine is due to the complexity of the EBV replication cycle and the wide range of its host cells. Although some strategies such as the use of dendritic cells and recombinant Vaccinia viral vectors have shown success, ongoing clinical trials using mRNA-based vaccines as well as new delivery systems as nanoparticles are yet to show the best choice of vaccine target and its production strategy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/8/864EBV replication cycleEBV and immune responseprophylactic EBV vaccinetherapeutic EBV vaccineEBV mRNA vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Marija Rozman Petra Korać Karlo Jambrosic Snjezana Židovec Lepej Progress in Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccine Development Based on Molecular Characteristics of EBV Target Antigens Pathogens EBV replication cycle EBV and immune response prophylactic EBV vaccine therapeutic EBV vaccine EBV mRNA vaccine |
| title | Progress in Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccine Development Based on Molecular Characteristics of EBV Target Antigens |
| title_full | Progress in Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccine Development Based on Molecular Characteristics of EBV Target Antigens |
| title_fullStr | Progress in Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccine Development Based on Molecular Characteristics of EBV Target Antigens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Progress in Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccine Development Based on Molecular Characteristics of EBV Target Antigens |
| title_short | Progress in Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccine Development Based on Molecular Characteristics of EBV Target Antigens |
| title_sort | progress in prophylactic and therapeutic ebv vaccine development based on molecular characteristics of ebv target antigens |
| topic | EBV replication cycle EBV and immune response prophylactic EBV vaccine therapeutic EBV vaccine EBV mRNA vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/8/864 |
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