Dormancy release and germination of Echinochloa crus-galli grains in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity
Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world's most serious weeds, influences seriously the yield and quality of cereal crop plant. It is well known that E. crus-galli grain is dormant, but its dormant type, as well as its dormancy release and germination in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing en...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2015-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311914609400 |
| _version_ | 1818441464362827776 |
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| author | Bing-yan SONG Jin-xiao SHI Song-quan SONG |
| author_facet | Bing-yan SONG Jin-xiao SHI Song-quan SONG |
| author_sort | Bing-yan SONG |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world's most serious weeds, influences seriously the yield and quality of cereal crop plant. It is well known that E. crus-galli grain is dormant, but its dormant type, as well as its dormancy release and germination in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity were poorly understood. The cooperation of endo-β-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78), β-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25) and α-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) can hydrolyze the cell walls rich in mannan-based polymers. In the present paper, the mature grains are used as experimental materials, we investigated the water uptake of grains, the effect of removing partial endosperm, after-ripening, stratification and phytohormone on grain germination, and the change in endo-β-mannanase, β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase activities of grains during after-ripening and germination. The results showed that the freshly-collected grains were water-permeable and had only phase I and II of water uptake, while the grains after-ripened for 150 d had an obvious phase III of water uptake. In alternating photoperiod, the germination of grains freshly-collected was zero at 10–35°C, and that of half grains was 11% at 20°C only. The grain germination was notably promoted by after-ripening and stratification, but not by gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine at 0.0001–1 mmol L−1. β-Mannosidase activity increased during 0 to 300 d of after-ripening and then decreased. The activity of endo-β-mannanase and α-galactosidase of grains decreased with after-ripening. During grain germination, endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activities obviously increased, while α-galactosidase activity decreased. Our data showed that E. crus-galli grain was a deep physiological dormant, the dormancy release by after-ripening was related to an increasing β-mannosidase activity, and its germination was closely associated with an increasing endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activity; which have provided new knowledge to decrease the harm of E. crus-galli on production of cereal crop plant. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T18:28:40Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-3119 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T18:28:40Z |
| publishDate | 2015-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2b2a24ce45a4896a7eef1cc762e01c62022-12-21T22:51:51ZengElsevierJournal of Integrative Agriculture2095-31192015-08-0114816271636Dormancy release and germination of Echinochloa crus-galli grains in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activityBing-yan SONG0Jin-xiao SHI1Song-quan SONG2College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P.R.China; Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R.ChinaCollege of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P.R.ChinaInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R.China; Correspondence, Tel: +86-10-62836484, Fax: +86-10-62590835Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world's most serious weeds, influences seriously the yield and quality of cereal crop plant. It is well known that E. crus-galli grain is dormant, but its dormant type, as well as its dormancy release and germination in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity were poorly understood. The cooperation of endo-β-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78), β-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25) and α-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) can hydrolyze the cell walls rich in mannan-based polymers. In the present paper, the mature grains are used as experimental materials, we investigated the water uptake of grains, the effect of removing partial endosperm, after-ripening, stratification and phytohormone on grain germination, and the change in endo-β-mannanase, β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase activities of grains during after-ripening and germination. The results showed that the freshly-collected grains were water-permeable and had only phase I and II of water uptake, while the grains after-ripened for 150 d had an obvious phase III of water uptake. In alternating photoperiod, the germination of grains freshly-collected was zero at 10–35°C, and that of half grains was 11% at 20°C only. The grain germination was notably promoted by after-ripening and stratification, but not by gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine at 0.0001–1 mmol L−1. β-Mannosidase activity increased during 0 to 300 d of after-ripening and then decreased. The activity of endo-β-mannanase and α-galactosidase of grains decreased with after-ripening. During grain germination, endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activities obviously increased, while α-galactosidase activity decreased. Our data showed that E. crus-galli grain was a deep physiological dormant, the dormancy release by after-ripening was related to an increasing β-mannosidase activity, and its germination was closely associated with an increasing endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activity; which have provided new knowledge to decrease the harm of E. crus-galli on production of cereal crop plant.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311914609400after-ripeningdeep physiological dormancyEchinochloa crus-galligalactomannan-hydrolysing enzymephytohormonestratification |
| spellingShingle | Bing-yan SONG Jin-xiao SHI Song-quan SONG Dormancy release and germination of Echinochloa crus-galli grains in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity Journal of Integrative Agriculture after-ripening deep physiological dormancy Echinochloa crus-galli galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme phytohormone stratification |
| title | Dormancy release and germination of Echinochloa crus-galli grains in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity |
| title_full | Dormancy release and germination of Echinochloa crus-galli grains in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity |
| title_fullStr | Dormancy release and germination of Echinochloa crus-galli grains in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dormancy release and germination of Echinochloa crus-galli grains in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity |
| title_short | Dormancy release and germination of Echinochloa crus-galli grains in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity |
| title_sort | dormancy release and germination of echinochloa crus galli grains in relation to galactomannan hydrolysing enzyme activity |
| topic | after-ripening deep physiological dormancy Echinochloa crus-galli galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme phytohormone stratification |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311914609400 |
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