Natural Antioxidant-Loaded Nanoemulsions for Sun Protection Enhancement
The aim of this study was to formulate nanodispersions to encapsulate antioxidants extracted from olive mill wastewater (OMW) and phycocyanin extracted from <i>Spirulina maxima</i> to act as enhancers for the skin’s protection against UV radiation. For this purpose, two water-in-oil nano...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Cosmetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/10/4/102 |
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| author | Eleni Galani Dimitrios Galatis Kyriaki Tzoka Vassiliki Papadimitriou Theodore G. Sotiroudis Antonios Bonos Aristotelis Xenakis Maria D. Chatzidaki |
| author_facet | Eleni Galani Dimitrios Galatis Kyriaki Tzoka Vassiliki Papadimitriou Theodore G. Sotiroudis Antonios Bonos Aristotelis Xenakis Maria D. Chatzidaki |
| author_sort | Eleni Galani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to formulate nanodispersions to encapsulate antioxidants extracted from olive mill wastewater (OMW) and phycocyanin extracted from <i>Spirulina maxima</i> to act as enhancers for the skin’s protection against UV radiation. For this purpose, two water-in-oil nanoemulsions were prepared using a low-energy homogenization method. Both systems were based on isopropyl myristate as the continuous phase, while water or a mixture of glycerol and water was used as the dispersed phase. Then, antioxidants extracted from OMW and phycocyanin from <i>Spirulina maxima</i> were encapsulated in the water core of the nanoemulsions. The empty and antioxidant-loaded systems were then structurally studied using dynamic light scattering for the detection of their droplet size and stability over time. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using adequate probes was applied for the characterization of the surfactants’ monolayer in the presence and absence of antioxidants. It was found that the mean droplet diameter of the emulsions was 200 nm. The nanoemulsions remained stable for over 2 months. The encapsulated antioxidants were assessed for their scavenging activity of a model stable radical by applying EPR spectroscopy. It was found that the loaded systems exhibited an increased antioxidant capacity compared with the empty ones. Finally, the most stable system was added to commercial sunscreen lotions and the overall sun protection factor (SPF) was assessed. The sunscreen lotions that contained the nanoemulsions loaded with OMW extracts or phycocyanin showed an increase in their SPF value. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:01:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2b98e3ff6494cad800ad2586a6baab9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9284 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:01:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cosmetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2b98e3ff6494cad800ad2586a6baab92023-11-19T00:43:38ZengMDPI AGCosmetics2079-92842023-07-0110410210.3390/cosmetics10040102Natural Antioxidant-Loaded Nanoemulsions for Sun Protection EnhancementEleni Galani0Dimitrios Galatis1Kyriaki Tzoka2Vassiliki Papadimitriou3Theodore G. Sotiroudis4Antonios Bonos5Aristotelis Xenakis6Maria D. Chatzidaki7Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, GreeceCleanway Ltd., Leof. Konstantinoupoleos 160, 135 61 Athina, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, GreeceCleanway Ltd., Leof. Konstantinoupoleos 160, 135 61 Athina, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, GreeceThe aim of this study was to formulate nanodispersions to encapsulate antioxidants extracted from olive mill wastewater (OMW) and phycocyanin extracted from <i>Spirulina maxima</i> to act as enhancers for the skin’s protection against UV radiation. For this purpose, two water-in-oil nanoemulsions were prepared using a low-energy homogenization method. Both systems were based on isopropyl myristate as the continuous phase, while water or a mixture of glycerol and water was used as the dispersed phase. Then, antioxidants extracted from OMW and phycocyanin from <i>Spirulina maxima</i> were encapsulated in the water core of the nanoemulsions. The empty and antioxidant-loaded systems were then structurally studied using dynamic light scattering for the detection of their droplet size and stability over time. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using adequate probes was applied for the characterization of the surfactants’ monolayer in the presence and absence of antioxidants. It was found that the mean droplet diameter of the emulsions was 200 nm. The nanoemulsions remained stable for over 2 months. The encapsulated antioxidants were assessed for their scavenging activity of a model stable radical by applying EPR spectroscopy. It was found that the loaded systems exhibited an increased antioxidant capacity compared with the empty ones. Finally, the most stable system was added to commercial sunscreen lotions and the overall sun protection factor (SPF) was assessed. The sunscreen lotions that contained the nanoemulsions loaded with OMW extracts or phycocyanin showed an increase in their SPF value.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/10/4/102nanoemulsionsantioxidantscosmeticsolive mill wastewater<i>Spirulina maxima</i>sun protection factor |
| spellingShingle | Eleni Galani Dimitrios Galatis Kyriaki Tzoka Vassiliki Papadimitriou Theodore G. Sotiroudis Antonios Bonos Aristotelis Xenakis Maria D. Chatzidaki Natural Antioxidant-Loaded Nanoemulsions for Sun Protection Enhancement Cosmetics nanoemulsions antioxidants cosmetics olive mill wastewater <i>Spirulina maxima</i> sun protection factor |
| title | Natural Antioxidant-Loaded Nanoemulsions for Sun Protection Enhancement |
| title_full | Natural Antioxidant-Loaded Nanoemulsions for Sun Protection Enhancement |
| title_fullStr | Natural Antioxidant-Loaded Nanoemulsions for Sun Protection Enhancement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural Antioxidant-Loaded Nanoemulsions for Sun Protection Enhancement |
| title_short | Natural Antioxidant-Loaded Nanoemulsions for Sun Protection Enhancement |
| title_sort | natural antioxidant loaded nanoemulsions for sun protection enhancement |
| topic | nanoemulsions antioxidants cosmetics olive mill wastewater <i>Spirulina maxima</i> sun protection factor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/10/4/102 |
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