Time of day bias for biological sampling in studies of mammary cancer
Abstract Despite its demonstrated biological significance, time of day is a broadly overlooked biological variable in preclinical and clinical studies. How time of day affects the influence of peripheral tumors on central (brain) function remains unspecified. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that peri...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50785-y |
| _version_ | 1827382300218753024 |
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| author | James C. Walton William H. Walker Randy J. Nelson A. Courtney DeVries |
| author_facet | James C. Walton William H. Walker Randy J. Nelson A. Courtney DeVries |
| author_sort | James C. Walton |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Despite its demonstrated biological significance, time of day is a broadly overlooked biological variable in preclinical and clinical studies. How time of day affects the influence of peripheral tumors on central (brain) function remains unspecified. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that peripheral mammary cancer tumors alter the transcriptome of immune responses in the brain and that these responses vary based on time of day; we predicted that time of day sampling bias would alter the interpretation of the results. Brain tissues collected at mid dark and mid light from mammary tumor-bearing and vehicle injected mice were analyzed using the Nanostring nCounter immune panel. Peripheral mammary tumors significantly affected expression within the brain of over 100 unique genes of the 770 represented in the panel, and fewer than 25% of these genes were affected similarly across the day. Indeed, between 65 and 75% of GO biological processes represented by the differentially expressed genes were dependent upon time of day of sampling. The implications of time-of-day sampling bias in interpretation of research studies cannot be understated. We encourage considering time of day as a significant biological variable in studies and to appropriately control for it and clearly report time of day in findings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:17:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2c857e643df4dd4a16fa6dcb936c265 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:17:36Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2c857e643df4dd4a16fa6dcb936c2652024-01-14T12:18:58ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-01-0114111010.1038/s41598-023-50785-yTime of day bias for biological sampling in studies of mammary cancerJames C. Walton0William H. Walker1Randy J. Nelson2A. Courtney DeVries3Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia UniversityDepartment of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia UniversityDepartment of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia UniversityDepartment of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia UniversityAbstract Despite its demonstrated biological significance, time of day is a broadly overlooked biological variable in preclinical and clinical studies. How time of day affects the influence of peripheral tumors on central (brain) function remains unspecified. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that peripheral mammary cancer tumors alter the transcriptome of immune responses in the brain and that these responses vary based on time of day; we predicted that time of day sampling bias would alter the interpretation of the results. Brain tissues collected at mid dark and mid light from mammary tumor-bearing and vehicle injected mice were analyzed using the Nanostring nCounter immune panel. Peripheral mammary tumors significantly affected expression within the brain of over 100 unique genes of the 770 represented in the panel, and fewer than 25% of these genes were affected similarly across the day. Indeed, between 65 and 75% of GO biological processes represented by the differentially expressed genes were dependent upon time of day of sampling. The implications of time-of-day sampling bias in interpretation of research studies cannot be understated. We encourage considering time of day as a significant biological variable in studies and to appropriately control for it and clearly report time of day in findings.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50785-y |
| spellingShingle | James C. Walton William H. Walker Randy J. Nelson A. Courtney DeVries Time of day bias for biological sampling in studies of mammary cancer Scientific Reports |
| title | Time of day bias for biological sampling in studies of mammary cancer |
| title_full | Time of day bias for biological sampling in studies of mammary cancer |
| title_fullStr | Time of day bias for biological sampling in studies of mammary cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time of day bias for biological sampling in studies of mammary cancer |
| title_short | Time of day bias for biological sampling in studies of mammary cancer |
| title_sort | time of day bias for biological sampling in studies of mammary cancer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50785-y |
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