Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions
The production and secretion of saliva is an essential function of the salivary glands. Saliva is a complicated liquid with different functions, including moistening, digestion, mineralization, lubrication, and mucosal protection. This review focuses on the mechanism and neural regulation of salivar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1061235/full |
| _version_ | 1828043945465085952 |
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| author | Yu Feng Shang Yi Yang Shen Meng Chen Zhang Min Chao Lv Tong Ying Wang Tong Ying Wang Xue Qun Chen Xue Qun Chen Jun Lin |
| author_facet | Yu Feng Shang Yi Yang Shen Meng Chen Zhang Min Chao Lv Tong Ying Wang Tong Ying Wang Xue Qun Chen Xue Qun Chen Jun Lin |
| author_sort | Yu Feng Shang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The production and secretion of saliva is an essential function of the salivary glands. Saliva is a complicated liquid with different functions, including moistening, digestion, mineralization, lubrication, and mucosal protection. This review focuses on the mechanism and neural regulation of salivary secretion, and saliva is secreted in response to various stimuli, including odor, taste, vision, and mastication. The chemical and physical properties of saliva change dynamically during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Moreover, the central nervous system modulates salivary secretion and function via various neurotransmitters and neuroreceptors. Smell, vision, and taste have been investigated for the connection between salivation and brain function. The immune and endocrine functions of the salivary glands have been explored recently. Salivary glands play an essential role in innate and adaptive immunity and protection. Various immune cells such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as immunoglobins like IgA and IgG have been found in salivary glands. Evidence supports the synthesis of corticosterone, testosterone, and melatonin in salivary glands. Saliva contains many potential biomarkers derived from epithelial cells, gingival crevicular fluid, and serum. High level of matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines are potential markers for oral carcinoma, infectious disease in the oral cavity, and systemic disease. Further research is required to monitor and predict potential salivary biomarkers for health and disease in clinical practice and precision medicine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:48:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2c89e31878945b5b39e9496615f09f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:48:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2c89e31878945b5b39e9496615f09f62023-02-03T04:49:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922023-02-011410.3389/fendo.2023.10612351061235Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functionsYu Feng Shang0Yi Yang Shen1Meng Chen Zhang2Min Chao Lv3Tong Ying Wang4Tong Ying Wang5Xue Qun Chen6Xue Qun Chen7Jun Lin8Department of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, ChinaNational Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, ChinaNational Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaNational Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, ChinaThe production and secretion of saliva is an essential function of the salivary glands. Saliva is a complicated liquid with different functions, including moistening, digestion, mineralization, lubrication, and mucosal protection. This review focuses on the mechanism and neural regulation of salivary secretion, and saliva is secreted in response to various stimuli, including odor, taste, vision, and mastication. The chemical and physical properties of saliva change dynamically during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Moreover, the central nervous system modulates salivary secretion and function via various neurotransmitters and neuroreceptors. Smell, vision, and taste have been investigated for the connection between salivation and brain function. The immune and endocrine functions of the salivary glands have been explored recently. Salivary glands play an essential role in innate and adaptive immunity and protection. Various immune cells such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as immunoglobins like IgA and IgG have been found in salivary glands. Evidence supports the synthesis of corticosterone, testosterone, and melatonin in salivary glands. Saliva contains many potential biomarkers derived from epithelial cells, gingival crevicular fluid, and serum. High level of matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines are potential markers for oral carcinoma, infectious disease in the oral cavity, and systemic disease. Further research is required to monitor and predict potential salivary biomarkers for health and disease in clinical practice and precision medicine.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1061235/fullsalivary glandendocrine glandimmune functionsalivaneuroendocrine |
| spellingShingle | Yu Feng Shang Yi Yang Shen Meng Chen Zhang Min Chao Lv Tong Ying Wang Tong Ying Wang Xue Qun Chen Xue Qun Chen Jun Lin Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions Frontiers in Endocrinology salivary gland endocrine gland immune function saliva neuroendocrine |
| title | Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions |
| title_full | Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions |
| title_fullStr | Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions |
| title_short | Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions |
| title_sort | progress in salivary glands endocrine glands with immune functions |
| topic | salivary gland endocrine gland immune function saliva neuroendocrine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1061235/full |
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