The Effect of Aflatoxin-B1 on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of NovaSil for the Prevention of Aflatoxicosis
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent carcinogen that causes growth stunting, immunosuppression and liver cancer in multiple species. The recent trend of replacing fishmeal with plant-based proteins in fish feed has amplified the AFB1 exposure risk in farm-raised fish. NovaSil (NS), a calcium montmorillon...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2013-09-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/9/1555 |
| _version_ | 1798040767012274176 |
|---|---|
| author | Timothy D. Phillips Delbert M. Gatlin Amelia Romoser Alejandro Buentello Camilo Pohlenz Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann Hoai J. Ly Katherine E. Zychowski |
| author_facet | Timothy D. Phillips Delbert M. Gatlin Amelia Romoser Alejandro Buentello Camilo Pohlenz Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann Hoai J. Ly Katherine E. Zychowski |
| author_sort | Timothy D. Phillips |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent carcinogen that causes growth stunting, immunosuppression and liver cancer in multiple species. The recent trend of replacing fishmeal with plant-based proteins in fish feed has amplified the AFB1 exposure risk in farm-raised fish. NovaSil (NS), a calcium montmorillonite clay, has previously been shown to reduce AFB1 bioavailability safely and efficaciously in several mammalian species. This study was designed to: (1) evaluate AFB1 impact on cultured red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, over the course of seven weeks; and (2) assess NS supplementation as a strategy to prevent aflatoxicosis. Fish were fed diets containing 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 5 ppm AFB1. Two additional treatment groups were fed either 5 ppm AFB1 + 1% NS or 5 ppm AFB1 + 2% NS. Aflatoxin B1 negatively impacted red drum weight gain, survival, feed efficiency, serum lysozyme concentration, hepatosomatic index (HSI), whole-body lipid levels, liver histopathological scoring, as well as trypsin inhibition. NovaSil inclusion in AFB1-contaminated diets improved weight gain, feed efficiency, serum lysozyme concentration, muscle somatic index, and intraperitoneal fat ratios compared to AFB1-treated fish. Although not significant, NS reduced AFB1-induced histopathological changes in the liver and decreased Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) staining. Importantly, NS supplementation improved overall health of AFB1-exposed red drum. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:12:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2c92d0d6e054898a4162f728e85fcfc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:12:07Z |
| publishDate | 2013-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2c92d0d6e054898a4162f728e85fcfc2022-12-22T04:00:32ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512013-09-01591555157310.3390/toxins5091555The Effect of Aflatoxin-B1 on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of NovaSil for the Prevention of AflatoxicosisTimothy D. PhillipsDelbert M. GatlinAmelia RomoserAlejandro BuentelloCamilo PohlenzAline Rodrigues HoffmannHoai J. LyKatherine E. ZychowskiAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent carcinogen that causes growth stunting, immunosuppression and liver cancer in multiple species. The recent trend of replacing fishmeal with plant-based proteins in fish feed has amplified the AFB1 exposure risk in farm-raised fish. NovaSil (NS), a calcium montmorillonite clay, has previously been shown to reduce AFB1 bioavailability safely and efficaciously in several mammalian species. This study was designed to: (1) evaluate AFB1 impact on cultured red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, over the course of seven weeks; and (2) assess NS supplementation as a strategy to prevent aflatoxicosis. Fish were fed diets containing 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 5 ppm AFB1. Two additional treatment groups were fed either 5 ppm AFB1 + 1% NS or 5 ppm AFB1 + 2% NS. Aflatoxin B1 negatively impacted red drum weight gain, survival, feed efficiency, serum lysozyme concentration, hepatosomatic index (HSI), whole-body lipid levels, liver histopathological scoring, as well as trypsin inhibition. NovaSil inclusion in AFB1-contaminated diets improved weight gain, feed efficiency, serum lysozyme concentration, muscle somatic index, and intraperitoneal fat ratios compared to AFB1-treated fish. Although not significant, NS reduced AFB1-induced histopathological changes in the liver and decreased Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) staining. Importantly, NS supplementation improved overall health of AFB1-exposed red drum.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/9/1555red drumaflatoxincalcium montmorilloniteNovaSilhistopathologyimmune |
| spellingShingle | Timothy D. Phillips Delbert M. Gatlin Amelia Romoser Alejandro Buentello Camilo Pohlenz Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann Hoai J. Ly Katherine E. Zychowski The Effect of Aflatoxin-B1 on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of NovaSil for the Prevention of Aflatoxicosis Toxins red drum aflatoxin calcium montmorillonite NovaSil histopathology immune |
| title | The Effect of Aflatoxin-B1 on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of NovaSil for the Prevention of Aflatoxicosis |
| title_full | The Effect of Aflatoxin-B1 on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of NovaSil for the Prevention of Aflatoxicosis |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Aflatoxin-B1 on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of NovaSil for the Prevention of Aflatoxicosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Aflatoxin-B1 on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of NovaSil for the Prevention of Aflatoxicosis |
| title_short | The Effect of Aflatoxin-B1 on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of NovaSil for the Prevention of Aflatoxicosis |
| title_sort | effect of aflatoxin b1 on red drum sciaenops ocellatus and assessment of dietary supplementation of novasil for the prevention of aflatoxicosis |
| topic | red drum aflatoxin calcium montmorillonite NovaSil histopathology immune |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/9/1555 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT timothydphillips theeffectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT delbertmgatlin theeffectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT ameliaromoser theeffectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT alejandrobuentello theeffectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT camilopohlenz theeffectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT alinerodrigueshoffmann theeffectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT hoaijly theeffectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT katherineezychowski theeffectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT timothydphillips effectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT delbertmgatlin effectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT ameliaromoser effectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT alejandrobuentello effectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT camilopohlenz effectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT alinerodrigueshoffmann effectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT hoaijly effectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis AT katherineezychowski effectofaflatoxinb1onreddrumsciaenopsocellatusandassessmentofdietarysupplementationofnovasilforthepreventionofaflatoxicosis |