GC- and UHPLC-MS Profiles as a Tool to Valorize the Red Alga <i>Asparagopsis armata</i>
<i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Harvey is a red alga native from the southern hemisphere and then introduced in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, including the Azores Archipelago, where it is considered an invasive alga. Some studies show that the extracts exhibit antimicrobial an...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/2/892 |
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| author | Diana C. G. A. Pinto Marie L. Lesenfants Gonçalo P. Rosa Maria Carmo Barreto Artur M. S. Silva Ana M. L. Seca |
| author_facet | Diana C. G. A. Pinto Marie L. Lesenfants Gonçalo P. Rosa Maria Carmo Barreto Artur M. S. Silva Ana M. L. Seca |
| author_sort | Diana C. G. A. Pinto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Harvey is a red alga native from the southern hemisphere and then introduced in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, including the Azores Archipelago, where it is considered an invasive alga. Some studies show that the extracts exhibit antimicrobial and antifouling activities, and it is incorporated in some commercialized cosmetic products. (e.g., Ysaline<sup>®</sup>). However, knowledge of this species chemical composition is scarce. The GC-MS and UHPLC-MS profiles of both the nonpolar and polar extracts were established to contribute to this problem solution. According to the results, <i>A. armata</i> is rich in a great structural variety of halogenated lipophilic and aromatic compounds, some of them identified here for the first time. In the lipophilic extract, 25 compounds are identified, being the halogenated compounds and fatty acids, the two major compound families, corresponding to 54.8% and 35.7% of identified compounds (224 and 147 mg/100 g of dry algae, respectively). The 1,4-dibromobuten-1-ol and the palmitic acid are the two most abundant identified compounds (155 and 83.4 mg/100 g of dry algae, respectively). The polar extract demonstrated the richness of this species in brominated phenolics, from which the cinnamic acid derivatives are predominant. The results obtained herein open new perspectives for valuing the <i>A. armata</i> as a source of halogenated compounds and fatty acids, consequently improving its biotechnological and economic potential. Promoting this seaweed and the consequent increase in its demand will contribute to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem sustainability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:57:16Z |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:57:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2cd43ef432b45dba74549824f59567d2023-11-23T12:54:42ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-01-0112289210.3390/app12020892GC- and UHPLC-MS Profiles as a Tool to Valorize the Red Alga <i>Asparagopsis armata</i>Diana C. G. A. Pinto0Marie L. Lesenfants1Gonçalo P. Rosa2Maria Carmo Barreto3Artur M. S. Silva4Ana M. L. Seca5LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalFaculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, PortugalLAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalFaculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, PortugalLAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalLAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal<i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Harvey is a red alga native from the southern hemisphere and then introduced in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, including the Azores Archipelago, where it is considered an invasive alga. Some studies show that the extracts exhibit antimicrobial and antifouling activities, and it is incorporated in some commercialized cosmetic products. (e.g., Ysaline<sup>®</sup>). However, knowledge of this species chemical composition is scarce. The GC-MS and UHPLC-MS profiles of both the nonpolar and polar extracts were established to contribute to this problem solution. According to the results, <i>A. armata</i> is rich in a great structural variety of halogenated lipophilic and aromatic compounds, some of them identified here for the first time. In the lipophilic extract, 25 compounds are identified, being the halogenated compounds and fatty acids, the two major compound families, corresponding to 54.8% and 35.7% of identified compounds (224 and 147 mg/100 g of dry algae, respectively). The 1,4-dibromobuten-1-ol and the palmitic acid are the two most abundant identified compounds (155 and 83.4 mg/100 g of dry algae, respectively). The polar extract demonstrated the richness of this species in brominated phenolics, from which the cinnamic acid derivatives are predominant. The results obtained herein open new perspectives for valuing the <i>A. armata</i> as a source of halogenated compounds and fatty acids, consequently improving its biotechnological and economic potential. Promoting this seaweed and the consequent increase in its demand will contribute to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem sustainability.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/2/892<i>Asparagopsis armata</i>RhodophytaGC-MSUHPLC-MSdibrominated compounds1,4-dibromobuten-1-ol |
| spellingShingle | Diana C. G. A. Pinto Marie L. Lesenfants Gonçalo P. Rosa Maria Carmo Barreto Artur M. S. Silva Ana M. L. Seca GC- and UHPLC-MS Profiles as a Tool to Valorize the Red Alga <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Applied Sciences <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Rhodophyta GC-MS UHPLC-MS dibrominated compounds 1,4-dibromobuten-1-ol |
| title | GC- and UHPLC-MS Profiles as a Tool to Valorize the Red Alga <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> |
| title_full | GC- and UHPLC-MS Profiles as a Tool to Valorize the Red Alga <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> |
| title_fullStr | GC- and UHPLC-MS Profiles as a Tool to Valorize the Red Alga <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | GC- and UHPLC-MS Profiles as a Tool to Valorize the Red Alga <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> |
| title_short | GC- and UHPLC-MS Profiles as a Tool to Valorize the Red Alga <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> |
| title_sort | gc and uhplc ms profiles as a tool to valorize the red alga i asparagopsis armata i |
| topic | <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> Rhodophyta GC-MS UHPLC-MS dibrominated compounds 1,4-dibromobuten-1-ol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/2/892 |
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