Photoreceptors Modulate the Flowering and Morphogenesis Responses of <i>Pelargonium × hortorum</i> to Night-Interruption Light Quality Shifting
This study examines how the day neutral plant (DNP) <i>Pelargonium × hortorum</i> L.H. Bailey ‘Ringo 2000 Violet’ is impacted by LED night-interruption light (NIL) quality shifting in terms of flowering, morphogenesis, and transcription of photoreceptor genes. A closed-type plant factory...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/857 |
| _version_ | 1797614029791821824 |
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| author | Yoo Gyeong Park Byoung Ryong Jeong |
| author_facet | Yoo Gyeong Park Byoung Ryong Jeong |
| author_sort | Yoo Gyeong Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study examines how the day neutral plant (DNP) <i>Pelargonium × hortorum</i> L.H. Bailey ‘Ringo 2000 Violet’ is impacted by LED night-interruption light (NIL) quality shifting in terms of flowering, morphogenesis, and transcription of photoreceptor genes. A closed-type plant factory with white (W) LEDs providing 180 μmol·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> PPFD light for long day (LD, 16 h light, 8 h dark), short day (SD, 10 h light, 14 h dark), or SD with 4 h night interruption (NI) with 10 μmol·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> PPFD LEDs was used to grow the plants. Two NIL qualities were employed, where after the first two hours, the NIL quality was switched from one to another among white (W), far-red (Fr), red (R), and blue (B). A total of 12 SD treatments with NIL quality shifting were used, with the LD and SD serving as the control: NI-BR (from B to R), NI-RB (from R to B), NI-RFr (from R to Fr), NI-FrR (from Fr to R), NI-BFr (from B to Fr), NI-FrB (from Fr to B), NI-WB (from W to B), NI-BW (from B to W), NI-FrW (from Fr to W), NI-WFr (from W to Fr), NI-RW (from R to W), and NI-WR (from W to R). LD refers to a 16 h long-day treatment. Geranium plants were taller in NI treatments that included Fr light than those in other NI treatments and were the shortest in the NI-WB treatment. Flowering was seen in all treatments and was notably encouraged by NI with Fr light, regardless of the sequence of light quality applied. In NI-FrR and NI-RFr, high expressions of <i>phyA</i>, <i>phyB</i>, and <i>cry1</i> were observed. Flower formation and plant morphogenesis were both impacted by the photoperiod. Both morphogenesis and flowering were strongly impacted by the second NIL, but the first NIL had no effects on either. These findings indicate that NI-RFr and NI-FrR improve flowering, which may be used for commercial DNP production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:02:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2cfa2032cc746e4a3796dbb85741fd8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:02:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2cfa2032cc746e4a3796dbb85741fd82023-11-17T09:07:14ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-03-0113385710.3390/agronomy13030857Photoreceptors Modulate the Flowering and Morphogenesis Responses of <i>Pelargonium × hortorum</i> to Night-Interruption Light Quality ShiftingYoo Gyeong Park0Byoung Ryong Jeong1Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of KoreaInstitute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of KoreaThis study examines how the day neutral plant (DNP) <i>Pelargonium × hortorum</i> L.H. Bailey ‘Ringo 2000 Violet’ is impacted by LED night-interruption light (NIL) quality shifting in terms of flowering, morphogenesis, and transcription of photoreceptor genes. A closed-type plant factory with white (W) LEDs providing 180 μmol·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> PPFD light for long day (LD, 16 h light, 8 h dark), short day (SD, 10 h light, 14 h dark), or SD with 4 h night interruption (NI) with 10 μmol·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> PPFD LEDs was used to grow the plants. Two NIL qualities were employed, where after the first two hours, the NIL quality was switched from one to another among white (W), far-red (Fr), red (R), and blue (B). A total of 12 SD treatments with NIL quality shifting were used, with the LD and SD serving as the control: NI-BR (from B to R), NI-RB (from R to B), NI-RFr (from R to Fr), NI-FrR (from Fr to R), NI-BFr (from B to Fr), NI-FrB (from Fr to B), NI-WB (from W to B), NI-BW (from B to W), NI-FrW (from Fr to W), NI-WFr (from W to Fr), NI-RW (from R to W), and NI-WR (from W to R). LD refers to a 16 h long-day treatment. Geranium plants were taller in NI treatments that included Fr light than those in other NI treatments and were the shortest in the NI-WB treatment. Flowering was seen in all treatments and was notably encouraged by NI with Fr light, regardless of the sequence of light quality applied. In NI-FrR and NI-RFr, high expressions of <i>phyA</i>, <i>phyB</i>, and <i>cry1</i> were observed. Flower formation and plant morphogenesis were both impacted by the photoperiod. Both morphogenesis and flowering were strongly impacted by the second NIL, but the first NIL had no effects on either. These findings indicate that NI-RFr and NI-FrR improve flowering, which may be used for commercial DNP production.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/857anthesisday neutral plantlight qualitylightingnight break |
| spellingShingle | Yoo Gyeong Park Byoung Ryong Jeong Photoreceptors Modulate the Flowering and Morphogenesis Responses of <i>Pelargonium × hortorum</i> to Night-Interruption Light Quality Shifting Agronomy anthesis day neutral plant light quality lighting night break |
| title | Photoreceptors Modulate the Flowering and Morphogenesis Responses of <i>Pelargonium × hortorum</i> to Night-Interruption Light Quality Shifting |
| title_full | Photoreceptors Modulate the Flowering and Morphogenesis Responses of <i>Pelargonium × hortorum</i> to Night-Interruption Light Quality Shifting |
| title_fullStr | Photoreceptors Modulate the Flowering and Morphogenesis Responses of <i>Pelargonium × hortorum</i> to Night-Interruption Light Quality Shifting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photoreceptors Modulate the Flowering and Morphogenesis Responses of <i>Pelargonium × hortorum</i> to Night-Interruption Light Quality Shifting |
| title_short | Photoreceptors Modulate the Flowering and Morphogenesis Responses of <i>Pelargonium × hortorum</i> to Night-Interruption Light Quality Shifting |
| title_sort | photoreceptors modulate the flowering and morphogenesis responses of i pelargonium hortorum i to night interruption light quality shifting |
| topic | anthesis day neutral plant light quality lighting night break |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/857 |
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