On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn Wheat
Einkorn and emmer wheat together with barley were among the first cereals domesticated by humans more than 10,000 years ago, long before durum or bread wheat originated. Domesticated einkorn wheat differs from its wild progenitor in basic morphological characters such as the grain dispersal system....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.02031/full |
| _version_ | 1811309326243987456 |
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| author | Mohammad Pourkheirandish Mohammad Pourkheirandish Fei Dai Shun Sakuma Hiroyuki Kanamori Assaf Distelfeld George Willcox Taihachi Kawahara Takashi Matsumoto Benjamin Kilian Takao Komatsuda Takao Komatsuda |
| author_facet | Mohammad Pourkheirandish Mohammad Pourkheirandish Fei Dai Shun Sakuma Hiroyuki Kanamori Assaf Distelfeld George Willcox Taihachi Kawahara Takashi Matsumoto Benjamin Kilian Takao Komatsuda Takao Komatsuda |
| author_sort | Mohammad Pourkheirandish |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Einkorn and emmer wheat together with barley were among the first cereals domesticated by humans more than 10,000 years ago, long before durum or bread wheat originated. Domesticated einkorn wheat differs from its wild progenitor in basic morphological characters such as the grain dispersal system. This study identified the Non-brittle rachis 1 (btr1) and Non-brittle rachis 2 (btr2) in einkorn as homologous to barley. Re-sequencing of the Btr1 and Btr2 in a collection of 53 lines showed that a single non-synonymous amino acid substitution (alanine to threonine) at position 119 at btr1, is responsible for the non-brittle rachis trait in domesticated einkorn. Tracing this haplotype variation back to wild einkorn samples provides further evidence that the einkorn progenitor came from the Northern Levant. We show that the geographical origin of domesticated haplotype coincides with the non-brittle domesticated barley haplotypes, which suggest the non-brittle rachis phenotypes of einkorn and barley were fixed in same geographic area in today’s South-east Turkey. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:40:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2cfc79451484680bba01aa56ee55d85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:40:21Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2cfc79451484680bba01aa56ee55d852022-12-22T02:51:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2018-01-01810.3389/fpls.2017.02031311989On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn WheatMohammad Pourkheirandish0Mohammad Pourkheirandish1Fei Dai2Shun Sakuma3Hiroyuki Kanamori4Assaf Distelfeld5George Willcox6Taihachi Kawahara7Takashi Matsumoto8Benjamin Kilian9Takao Komatsuda10Takao Komatsuda11National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, JapanPlant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, AustraliaNational Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, JapanNational Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, JapanNational Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, JapanThe Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Saint-André-de-Cruzières, FrancePlant Germplasm Institute, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanNational Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, JapanGlobal Crop Diversity Trust, Bonn, GermanyNational Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, JapanInstitute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, JapanEinkorn and emmer wheat together with barley were among the first cereals domesticated by humans more than 10,000 years ago, long before durum or bread wheat originated. Domesticated einkorn wheat differs from its wild progenitor in basic morphological characters such as the grain dispersal system. This study identified the Non-brittle rachis 1 (btr1) and Non-brittle rachis 2 (btr2) in einkorn as homologous to barley. Re-sequencing of the Btr1 and Btr2 in a collection of 53 lines showed that a single non-synonymous amino acid substitution (alanine to threonine) at position 119 at btr1, is responsible for the non-brittle rachis trait in domesticated einkorn. Tracing this haplotype variation back to wild einkorn samples provides further evidence that the einkorn progenitor came from the Northern Levant. We show that the geographical origin of domesticated haplotype coincides with the non-brittle domesticated barley haplotypes, which suggest the non-brittle rachis phenotypes of einkorn and barley were fixed in same geographic area in today’s South-east Turkey.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.02031/fullagricultural originseinkornwheatnon-brittle rachisdomestication |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Pourkheirandish Mohammad Pourkheirandish Fei Dai Shun Sakuma Hiroyuki Kanamori Assaf Distelfeld George Willcox Taihachi Kawahara Takashi Matsumoto Benjamin Kilian Takao Komatsuda Takao Komatsuda On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn Wheat Frontiers in Plant Science agricultural origins einkorn wheat non-brittle rachis domestication |
| title | On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn Wheat |
| title_full | On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn Wheat |
| title_fullStr | On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn Wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn Wheat |
| title_short | On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn Wheat |
| title_sort | on the origin of the non brittle rachis trait of domesticated einkorn wheat |
| topic | agricultural origins einkorn wheat non-brittle rachis domestication |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.02031/full |
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