Transcriptome Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism Genes and Molecular Regulation of Sucrose Transport Gene <i>LoSUT</i> on the Flowering Process of Developing Oriental Hybrid Lily ‘Sorbonne’ Bulb
The quality of Lily cut flower was determined by the quality of bulbs. During the process of vernalization and flower bud differentiation, sugar massively accumulated in the bulb, which influenced the bulb development. However, the details of sugar genes’ regulation mechanism for these processes wer...
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3092 |
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| author | Jiahui Gu Zhen Zeng Yiru Wang Yingmin Lyu |
| author_facet | Jiahui Gu Zhen Zeng Yiru Wang Yingmin Lyu |
| author_sort | Jiahui Gu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The quality of Lily cut flower was determined by the quality of bulbs. During the process of vernalization and flower bud differentiation, sugar massively accumulated in the bulb, which influenced the bulb development. However, the details of sugar genes’ regulation mechanism for these processes were not fully understood. Here, morphological physiology, transcriptomes and gene engineering technology were used to explore this physiological change. Seventy-two genes of 25 kinds of sugar metabolism-related genes were annotated after re-analyzing transcriptome data of Oriental hybrid lily ‘Sorbonne’ bulbs, which were generated on Hiseq Illumina 2000. The results showed that these genes were closely related to lily bulb vernalization and development. Combining gene expression pattern with gene co-expression network, five genes (Contig5669, Contig13319, Contig7715, Contig1420 and Contig87292) were considered to be the most potential signals, and the sucrose transporter gene (<i>SUT</i>) was the focus of this study. Carbohydrate transport pathway and genes’ regulation mechanism were inferred through a physiological and molecular test. <i>SUT</i> seemed to be the sugar sensor that could sense and regulate sugar concentration, which might have effects on other genes, such as <i>FT</i>, <i>LFY</i> and so on. <i>LoSUT2</i> and <i>LoSUT4</i> genes were cloned from Oriental hybrid lily ‘Sorbonne’ by RACE, which was the first time for these genes in Oriental hybrid lily ‘Sorbonne’. The physiological properties of these proteins were analyzed such as hydrophobicity and phosphorylation. In addition, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins were predicted, which indicated the two proteins were membrane proteins. Their cellular locations were verified through positioning the experiment of the fluorescent vector. They were highly expressed in cells around phloem, which illustrated the key role of these genes in sugar transport. Furthermore, transient expression assays showed that overexpressed <i>LoSUT2</i> and <i>LoSUT4 in Arabidopsis thaliana</i> bloomed significantly earlier than the wild type and the expression of <i>FT</i>, <i>SOC1</i> and <i>LFY</i> were also affected by <i>LoSUT2</i> and <i>LoSUT4,</i> which indicated that <i>LoSUT2</i> and <i>LoSUT4</i> may regulate plants flowering time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:11:50Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d2d8e30dc50942188f15c3aa2cdc680e2023-11-19T22:52:54ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-04-01219309210.3390/ijms21093092Transcriptome Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism Genes and Molecular Regulation of Sucrose Transport Gene <i>LoSUT</i> on the Flowering Process of Developing Oriental Hybrid Lily ‘Sorbonne’ BulbJiahui Gu0Zhen Zeng1Yiru Wang2Yingmin Lyu3Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaThe quality of Lily cut flower was determined by the quality of bulbs. During the process of vernalization and flower bud differentiation, sugar massively accumulated in the bulb, which influenced the bulb development. However, the details of sugar genes’ regulation mechanism for these processes were not fully understood. Here, morphological physiology, transcriptomes and gene engineering technology were used to explore this physiological change. Seventy-two genes of 25 kinds of sugar metabolism-related genes were annotated after re-analyzing transcriptome data of Oriental hybrid lily ‘Sorbonne’ bulbs, which were generated on Hiseq Illumina 2000. The results showed that these genes were closely related to lily bulb vernalization and development. Combining gene expression pattern with gene co-expression network, five genes (Contig5669, Contig13319, Contig7715, Contig1420 and Contig87292) were considered to be the most potential signals, and the sucrose transporter gene (<i>SUT</i>) was the focus of this study. Carbohydrate transport pathway and genes’ regulation mechanism were inferred through a physiological and molecular test. <i>SUT</i> seemed to be the sugar sensor that could sense and regulate sugar concentration, which might have effects on other genes, such as <i>FT</i>, <i>LFY</i> and so on. <i>LoSUT2</i> and <i>LoSUT4</i> genes were cloned from Oriental hybrid lily ‘Sorbonne’ by RACE, which was the first time for these genes in Oriental hybrid lily ‘Sorbonne’. The physiological properties of these proteins were analyzed such as hydrophobicity and phosphorylation. In addition, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins were predicted, which indicated the two proteins were membrane proteins. Their cellular locations were verified through positioning the experiment of the fluorescent vector. They were highly expressed in cells around phloem, which illustrated the key role of these genes in sugar transport. Furthermore, transient expression assays showed that overexpressed <i>LoSUT2</i> and <i>LoSUT4 in Arabidopsis thaliana</i> bloomed significantly earlier than the wild type and the expression of <i>FT</i>, <i>SOC1</i> and <i>LFY</i> were also affected by <i>LoSUT2</i> and <i>LoSUT4,</i> which indicated that <i>LoSUT2</i> and <i>LoSUT4</i> may regulate plants flowering time.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3092Oriental hybrid lilybulb development<i>SUT</i>vernalizationflower bud differentiation |
| spellingShingle | Jiahui Gu Zhen Zeng Yiru Wang Yingmin Lyu Transcriptome Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism Genes and Molecular Regulation of Sucrose Transport Gene <i>LoSUT</i> on the Flowering Process of Developing Oriental Hybrid Lily ‘Sorbonne’ Bulb International Journal of Molecular Sciences Oriental hybrid lily bulb development <i>SUT</i> vernalization flower bud differentiation |
| title | Transcriptome Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism Genes and Molecular Regulation of Sucrose Transport Gene <i>LoSUT</i> on the Flowering Process of Developing Oriental Hybrid Lily ‘Sorbonne’ Bulb |
| title_full | Transcriptome Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism Genes and Molecular Regulation of Sucrose Transport Gene <i>LoSUT</i> on the Flowering Process of Developing Oriental Hybrid Lily ‘Sorbonne’ Bulb |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptome Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism Genes and Molecular Regulation of Sucrose Transport Gene <i>LoSUT</i> on the Flowering Process of Developing Oriental Hybrid Lily ‘Sorbonne’ Bulb |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism Genes and Molecular Regulation of Sucrose Transport Gene <i>LoSUT</i> on the Flowering Process of Developing Oriental Hybrid Lily ‘Sorbonne’ Bulb |
| title_short | Transcriptome Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism Genes and Molecular Regulation of Sucrose Transport Gene <i>LoSUT</i> on the Flowering Process of Developing Oriental Hybrid Lily ‘Sorbonne’ Bulb |
| title_sort | transcriptome analysis of carbohydrate metabolism genes and molecular regulation of sucrose transport gene i losut i on the flowering process of developing oriental hybrid lily sorbonne bulb |
| topic | Oriental hybrid lily bulb development <i>SUT</i> vernalization flower bud differentiation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3092 |
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