Is Microfracture Alone Enough?
The technique of microfracture (MFX) was first performed 40 years ago and served for many years as the main procedure for repairing cartilage defects. There is a need to improve microfractures because the regenerated cartilage differs from the original histological aspect; it is less hyaline and mor...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/16/7309 |
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| author | Paul-Gabriel Borodi Octav Marius Russu Andrei Marian Feier Vlad Alexandru Georgeanu Sándor-György Zuh Tudor Sorin Pop |
| author_facet | Paul-Gabriel Borodi Octav Marius Russu Andrei Marian Feier Vlad Alexandru Georgeanu Sándor-György Zuh Tudor Sorin Pop |
| author_sort | Paul-Gabriel Borodi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The technique of microfracture (MFX) was first performed 40 years ago and served for many years as the main procedure for repairing cartilage defects. There is a need to improve microfractures because the regenerated cartilage differs from the original histological aspect; it is less hyaline and more fibrocartilaginous. In addition, and more importantly, the benefits do not persist and the long-term results are unsatisfactory. Adjunctive treatments include platelet-rich plasma (PRP), cell-free-based scaffolds, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC). The aim of this review was to provide an overview and a perspective of the available data regarding MFX and the principal adjunctive treatments from recent years and also to challenge the traditional MFX procedure. We found that cell-free scaffolds, platelet-rich plasma, and bone marrow aspirate concentrate, although they are relatively novel therapies, showed great potential and maintained their clinical benefits for longer periods of time compared to microfracture alone. As for chitosan-based therapy and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, we were not able to form a definitive conclusion. We believe that the available data show promising results, and future research should be done on each topic discussed. Moreover, investigators involved in bone marrow stimulation techniques should focus on conducting prospective comparative studies, performing second-look arthroscopy, and rely on a single enhancement procedure that can be adequately compared with MFX alone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:02:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2e6dde4d8ff4ebba714a14ebf8345a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:02:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2e6dde4d8ff4ebba714a14ebf8345a32023-11-22T06:39:46ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-08-011116730910.3390/app11167309Is Microfracture Alone Enough?Paul-Gabriel Borodi0Octav Marius Russu1Andrei Marian Feier2Vlad Alexandru Georgeanu3Sándor-György Zuh4Tudor Sorin Pop5Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology George Emil Palade, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, RomaniaFaculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology George Emil Palade, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, RomaniaFaculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology George Emil Palade, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, RomaniaClinic of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, “St. Pantelimon” Hospital, 021659 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology George Emil Palade, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, RomaniaFaculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology George Emil Palade, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, RomaniaThe technique of microfracture (MFX) was first performed 40 years ago and served for many years as the main procedure for repairing cartilage defects. There is a need to improve microfractures because the regenerated cartilage differs from the original histological aspect; it is less hyaline and more fibrocartilaginous. In addition, and more importantly, the benefits do not persist and the long-term results are unsatisfactory. Adjunctive treatments include platelet-rich plasma (PRP), cell-free-based scaffolds, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC). The aim of this review was to provide an overview and a perspective of the available data regarding MFX and the principal adjunctive treatments from recent years and also to challenge the traditional MFX procedure. We found that cell-free scaffolds, platelet-rich plasma, and bone marrow aspirate concentrate, although they are relatively novel therapies, showed great potential and maintained their clinical benefits for longer periods of time compared to microfracture alone. As for chitosan-based therapy and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, we were not able to form a definitive conclusion. We believe that the available data show promising results, and future research should be done on each topic discussed. Moreover, investigators involved in bone marrow stimulation techniques should focus on conducting prospective comparative studies, performing second-look arthroscopy, and rely on a single enhancement procedure that can be adequately compared with MFX alone.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/16/7309microfracturehyaluronicplatelet-rich plasmaadipose derived mesenchymal stem cellschitosan-based scaffold |
| spellingShingle | Paul-Gabriel Borodi Octav Marius Russu Andrei Marian Feier Vlad Alexandru Georgeanu Sándor-György Zuh Tudor Sorin Pop Is Microfracture Alone Enough? Applied Sciences microfracture hyaluronic platelet-rich plasma adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells chitosan-based scaffold |
| title | Is Microfracture Alone Enough? |
| title_full | Is Microfracture Alone Enough? |
| title_fullStr | Is Microfracture Alone Enough? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Is Microfracture Alone Enough? |
| title_short | Is Microfracture Alone Enough? |
| title_sort | is microfracture alone enough |
| topic | microfracture hyaluronic platelet-rich plasma adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells chitosan-based scaffold |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/16/7309 |
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