Simultaneous High-Frame-Rate Acoustic Plane-Wave and Optical Imaging of Intracranial Cavitation in Polyacrylamide Brain Phantoms during Blunt Force Impact
Blunt and blast impacts occur in civilian and military personnel, resulting in traumatic brain injuries necessitating a complete understanding of damage mechanisms and protective equipment design. However, the inability to monitor in vivo brain deformation and potential harmful cavitation events dur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/11/2/132 |
| _version_ | 1827344163894460416 |
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| author | Eric J. Galindo Riley R. Flores Ricardo Mejia-Alvarez Adam M. Willis Michaelann S. Tartis |
| author_facet | Eric J. Galindo Riley R. Flores Ricardo Mejia-Alvarez Adam M. Willis Michaelann S. Tartis |
| author_sort | Eric J. Galindo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Blunt and blast impacts occur in civilian and military personnel, resulting in traumatic brain injuries necessitating a complete understanding of damage mechanisms and protective equipment design. However, the inability to monitor in vivo brain deformation and potential harmful cavitation events during collisions limits the investigation of injury mechanisms. To study the cavitation potential, we developed a full-scale human head phantom with features that allow a direct optical and acoustic observation at high frame rates during blunt impacts. The phantom consists of a transparent polyacrylamide material sealed with fluid in a 3D-printed skull where windows are integrated for data acquisition. The model has similar mechanical properties to brain tissue and includes simplified yet key anatomical features. Optical imaging indicated reproducible cavitation events above a threshold impact energy and localized cavitation to the fluid of the central sulcus, which appeared as high-intensity regions in acoustic images. An acoustic spectral analysis detected cavitation as harmonic and broadband signals that were mapped onto a reconstructed acoustic frame. Small bubbles trapped during phantom fabrication resulted in cavitation artifacts, which remain the largest challenge of the study. Ultimately, acoustic imaging demonstrated the potential to be a stand-alone tool, allowing observations at depth, where optical techniques are limited. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:42:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3092b34e0144386ac4be52ca6729e22 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:42:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3092b34e0144386ac4be52ca6729e222024-02-23T15:07:54ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542024-01-0111213210.3390/bioengineering11020132Simultaneous High-Frame-Rate Acoustic Plane-Wave and Optical Imaging of Intracranial Cavitation in Polyacrylamide Brain Phantoms during Blunt Force ImpactEric J. Galindo0Riley R. Flores1Ricardo Mejia-Alvarez2Adam M. Willis3Michaelann S. Tartis4Department of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USABlunt and blast impacts occur in civilian and military personnel, resulting in traumatic brain injuries necessitating a complete understanding of damage mechanisms and protective equipment design. However, the inability to monitor in vivo brain deformation and potential harmful cavitation events during collisions limits the investigation of injury mechanisms. To study the cavitation potential, we developed a full-scale human head phantom with features that allow a direct optical and acoustic observation at high frame rates during blunt impacts. The phantom consists of a transparent polyacrylamide material sealed with fluid in a 3D-printed skull where windows are integrated for data acquisition. The model has similar mechanical properties to brain tissue and includes simplified yet key anatomical features. Optical imaging indicated reproducible cavitation events above a threshold impact energy and localized cavitation to the fluid of the central sulcus, which appeared as high-intensity regions in acoustic images. An acoustic spectral analysis detected cavitation as harmonic and broadband signals that were mapped onto a reconstructed acoustic frame. Small bubbles trapped during phantom fabrication resulted in cavitation artifacts, which remain the largest challenge of the study. Ultimately, acoustic imaging demonstrated the potential to be a stand-alone tool, allowing observations at depth, where optical techniques are limited.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/11/2/132cavitationplane-wave imagingtraumatic brain injury (TBI)cranial phantomsshockwavespolyacrylamide |
| spellingShingle | Eric J. Galindo Riley R. Flores Ricardo Mejia-Alvarez Adam M. Willis Michaelann S. Tartis Simultaneous High-Frame-Rate Acoustic Plane-Wave and Optical Imaging of Intracranial Cavitation in Polyacrylamide Brain Phantoms during Blunt Force Impact Bioengineering cavitation plane-wave imaging traumatic brain injury (TBI) cranial phantoms shockwaves polyacrylamide |
| title | Simultaneous High-Frame-Rate Acoustic Plane-Wave and Optical Imaging of Intracranial Cavitation in Polyacrylamide Brain Phantoms during Blunt Force Impact |
| title_full | Simultaneous High-Frame-Rate Acoustic Plane-Wave and Optical Imaging of Intracranial Cavitation in Polyacrylamide Brain Phantoms during Blunt Force Impact |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous High-Frame-Rate Acoustic Plane-Wave and Optical Imaging of Intracranial Cavitation in Polyacrylamide Brain Phantoms during Blunt Force Impact |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous High-Frame-Rate Acoustic Plane-Wave and Optical Imaging of Intracranial Cavitation in Polyacrylamide Brain Phantoms during Blunt Force Impact |
| title_short | Simultaneous High-Frame-Rate Acoustic Plane-Wave and Optical Imaging of Intracranial Cavitation in Polyacrylamide Brain Phantoms during Blunt Force Impact |
| title_sort | simultaneous high frame rate acoustic plane wave and optical imaging of intracranial cavitation in polyacrylamide brain phantoms during blunt force impact |
| topic | cavitation plane-wave imaging traumatic brain injury (TBI) cranial phantoms shockwaves polyacrylamide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/11/2/132 |
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