Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin: A Malevolent Molecule for Animals and Man?
Clostridium perfringens is a prolific, toxin-producing anaerobe causing multiple diseases in humans and animals. One of these toxins is epsilon, a 33 kDa protein produced by Clostridium perfringens (types B and D) that induces fatal enteric disease of goats, sheep and cattle. Epsilon toxin (Etx) bel...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2013-11-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/11/2138 |
| _version_ | 1811307140820762624 |
|---|---|
| author | Michel R. Popoff Holger Barth Gillian Barth Bradley G. Stiles |
| author_facet | Michel R. Popoff Holger Barth Gillian Barth Bradley G. Stiles |
| author_sort | Michel R. Popoff |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Clostridium perfringens is a prolific, toxin-producing anaerobe causing multiple diseases in humans and animals. One of these toxins is epsilon, a 33 kDa protein produced by Clostridium perfringens (types B and D) that induces fatal enteric disease of goats, sheep and cattle. Epsilon toxin (Etx) belongs to the aerolysin-like toxin family. It contains three distinct domains, is proteolytically-activated and forms oligomeric pores on cell surfaces via a lipid raft-associated protein(s). Vaccination controls Etx-induced disease in the field. However, therapeutic measures are currently lacking. This review initially introduces C. perfringens toxins, subsequently focusing upon the Etx and its biochemistry, disease characteristics in various animals that include laboratory models (in vitro and in vivo), and finally control mechanisms (vaccines and therapeutics). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:59:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d30fab72c01d42fbbf0db59180e43db9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:59:21Z |
| publishDate | 2013-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-d30fab72c01d42fbbf0db59180e43db92022-12-22T02:53:11ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512013-11-015112138216010.3390/toxins5112138Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin: A Malevolent Molecule for Animals and Man?Michel R. PopoffHolger BarthGillian BarthBradley G. StilesClostridium perfringens is a prolific, toxin-producing anaerobe causing multiple diseases in humans and animals. One of these toxins is epsilon, a 33 kDa protein produced by Clostridium perfringens (types B and D) that induces fatal enteric disease of goats, sheep and cattle. Epsilon toxin (Etx) belongs to the aerolysin-like toxin family. It contains three distinct domains, is proteolytically-activated and forms oligomeric pores on cell surfaces via a lipid raft-associated protein(s). Vaccination controls Etx-induced disease in the field. However, therapeutic measures are currently lacking. This review initially introduces C. perfringens toxins, subsequently focusing upon the Etx and its biochemistry, disease characteristics in various animals that include laboratory models (in vitro and in vivo), and finally control mechanisms (vaccines and therapeutics).http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/11/2138Clostridium perfringensprotein toxinreceptoranimal modelscell culturevaccinestherapeutics |
| spellingShingle | Michel R. Popoff Holger Barth Gillian Barth Bradley G. Stiles Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin: A Malevolent Molecule for Animals and Man? Toxins Clostridium perfringens protein toxin receptor animal models cell culture vaccines therapeutics |
| title | Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin: A Malevolent Molecule for Animals and Man? |
| title_full | Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin: A Malevolent Molecule for Animals and Man? |
| title_fullStr | Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin: A Malevolent Molecule for Animals and Man? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin: A Malevolent Molecule for Animals and Man? |
| title_short | Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin: A Malevolent Molecule for Animals and Man? |
| title_sort | clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin a malevolent molecule for animals and man |
| topic | Clostridium perfringens protein toxin receptor animal models cell culture vaccines therapeutics |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/11/2138 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT michelrpopoff clostridiumperfringensepsilontoxinamalevolentmoleculeforanimalsandman AT holgerbarth clostridiumperfringensepsilontoxinamalevolentmoleculeforanimalsandman AT gillianbarth clostridiumperfringensepsilontoxinamalevolentmoleculeforanimalsandman AT bradleygstiles clostridiumperfringensepsilontoxinamalevolentmoleculeforanimalsandman |