Structural Insights into Plant Viruses Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy
The structural study of plant viruses is of great importance to reduce the damage caused by these agricultural pathogens and to support their biotechnological applications. Nowadays, X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and cryo-electron microscopy are well accepted methods to obtain the 3D prote...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/3/427 |
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| author | Eleonora V. Shtykova Evgeniy V. Dubrovin Alexander L. Ksenofontov Polina K. Gifer Maxim V. Petoukhov Valeriy K. Tokhtar Irina M. Sapozhnikova Andrey N. Stavrianidi Larisa V. Kordyukova Oleg V. Batishchev |
| author_facet | Eleonora V. Shtykova Evgeniy V. Dubrovin Alexander L. Ksenofontov Polina K. Gifer Maxim V. Petoukhov Valeriy K. Tokhtar Irina M. Sapozhnikova Andrey N. Stavrianidi Larisa V. Kordyukova Oleg V. Batishchev |
| author_sort | Eleonora V. Shtykova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The structural study of plant viruses is of great importance to reduce the damage caused by these agricultural pathogens and to support their biotechnological applications. Nowadays, X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and cryo-electron microscopy are well accepted methods to obtain the 3D protein structure with the best resolution. However, for large and complex supramolecular structures such as plant viruses, especially flexible filamentous ones, there are a number of technical limitations to resolving their native structure in solution. In addition, they do not allow us to obtain structural information about dynamics and interactions with physiological partners. For these purposes, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are well established. In this review, we have outlined the main principles of these two methods and demonstrated their advantages for structural studies of plant viruses of different shapes with relatively high spatial resolution. In addition, we have demonstrated the ability of AFM to obtain information on the mechanical properties of the virus particles that are inaccessible to other experimental techniques. We believe that these under-appreciated approaches, especially when used in combination, are valuable tools for studying a wide variety of helical plant viruses, many of which cannot be resolved by classical structural methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:46:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d314c6490d8441bb8cb70c58ca48183d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:46:36Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-d314c6490d8441bb8cb70c58ca48183d2024-03-27T14:07:51ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-03-0116342710.3390/v16030427Structural Insights into Plant Viruses Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force MicroscopyEleonora V. Shtykova0Evgeniy V. Dubrovin1Alexander L. Ksenofontov2Polina K. Gifer3Maxim V. Petoukhov4Valeriy K. Tokhtar5Irina M. Sapozhnikova6Andrey N. Stavrianidi7Larisa V. Kordyukova8Oleg V. Batishchev9National Research Centre, “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123098, RussiaFrumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaBelozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, RussiaFrumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaNational Research Centre, “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123098, RussiaScientific and Educational Center, Botanical Garden of the National Research University “BelSU”, Belgorod 308033, RussiaInstitute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, RussiaFrumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaBelozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, RussiaFrumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaThe structural study of plant viruses is of great importance to reduce the damage caused by these agricultural pathogens and to support their biotechnological applications. Nowadays, X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and cryo-electron microscopy are well accepted methods to obtain the 3D protein structure with the best resolution. However, for large and complex supramolecular structures such as plant viruses, especially flexible filamentous ones, there are a number of technical limitations to resolving their native structure in solution. In addition, they do not allow us to obtain structural information about dynamics and interactions with physiological partners. For these purposes, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are well established. In this review, we have outlined the main principles of these two methods and demonstrated their advantages for structural studies of plant viruses of different shapes with relatively high spatial resolution. In addition, we have demonstrated the ability of AFM to obtain information on the mechanical properties of the virus particles that are inaccessible to other experimental techniques. We believe that these under-appreciated approaches, especially when used in combination, are valuable tools for studying a wide variety of helical plant viruses, many of which cannot be resolved by classical structural methods.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/3/427helical plant virusesrod-shaped virusesflexible filamentous virusesviral structureviral proteinsnanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Eleonora V. Shtykova Evgeniy V. Dubrovin Alexander L. Ksenofontov Polina K. Gifer Maxim V. Petoukhov Valeriy K. Tokhtar Irina M. Sapozhnikova Andrey N. Stavrianidi Larisa V. Kordyukova Oleg V. Batishchev Structural Insights into Plant Viruses Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy Viruses helical plant viruses rod-shaped viruses flexible filamentous viruses viral structure viral proteins nanoparticles |
| title | Structural Insights into Plant Viruses Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy |
| title_full | Structural Insights into Plant Viruses Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy |
| title_fullStr | Structural Insights into Plant Viruses Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural Insights into Plant Viruses Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy |
| title_short | Structural Insights into Plant Viruses Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy |
| title_sort | structural insights into plant viruses revealed by small angle x ray scattering and atomic force microscopy |
| topic | helical plant viruses rod-shaped viruses flexible filamentous viruses viral structure viral proteins nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/3/427 |
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