HIV Neuroinflammation: The Role of Exosomes in Cell Signaling, Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers and Drug Delivery
Fifty to sixty percent of HIV-1 positive patients experience HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) likely due to persistent inflammation and blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. The role that microglia and astrocytes play in HAND pathogenesis has been well delineated; however, the role...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.637192/full |
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| author | Supriya D. Mahajan Nigel Smith Ordain Hilliard Kutscher Hilliard Kutscher Hilliard Kutscher Shanta Karki Jessica L. Reynolds |
| author_facet | Supriya D. Mahajan Nigel Smith Ordain Hilliard Kutscher Hilliard Kutscher Hilliard Kutscher Shanta Karki Jessica L. Reynolds |
| author_sort | Supriya D. Mahajan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fifty to sixty percent of HIV-1 positive patients experience HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) likely due to persistent inflammation and blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. The role that microglia and astrocytes play in HAND pathogenesis has been well delineated; however, the role of exosomes in HIV neuroinflammation and neuropathogenesis is unclear. Exosomes are 50–150 nm phospholipid bilayer membrane vesicles that are responsible for cell-to-cell communication, cellular signal transduction, and cellular transport. Due to their diverse intracellular content, exosomes, are well poised to provide insight into HIV neuroinflammation as well as provide for diagnostic and predictive information that will greatly enhance the development of new therapeutic interventions for neuroinflammation. Exosomes are also uniquely positioned to be vehicles to delivery therapeutics across the BBB to modulate HIV neuroinflammation. This mini-review will briefly discuss what is known about exosome signaling in the context of HIV in the central nervous system (CNS), their potential for biomarkers as well as their potential for vehicles to deliver various therapeutics to treat HIV neuroinflammation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T19:38:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d31c2d39054b4d6989dc887eb3d5737c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T19:38:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d31c2d39054b4d6989dc887eb3d5737c2022-12-21T18:14:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-04-01910.3389/fcell.2021.637192637192HIV Neuroinflammation: The Role of Exosomes in Cell Signaling, Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers and Drug DeliverySupriya D. Mahajan0Nigel Smith Ordain1Hilliard Kutscher2Hilliard Kutscher3Hilliard Kutscher4Shanta Karki5Jessica L. Reynolds6Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United StatesInstitute for Laser, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United StatesDepartment of Anesthesiology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United StatesFifty to sixty percent of HIV-1 positive patients experience HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) likely due to persistent inflammation and blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. The role that microglia and astrocytes play in HAND pathogenesis has been well delineated; however, the role of exosomes in HIV neuroinflammation and neuropathogenesis is unclear. Exosomes are 50–150 nm phospholipid bilayer membrane vesicles that are responsible for cell-to-cell communication, cellular signal transduction, and cellular transport. Due to their diverse intracellular content, exosomes, are well poised to provide insight into HIV neuroinflammation as well as provide for diagnostic and predictive information that will greatly enhance the development of new therapeutic interventions for neuroinflammation. Exosomes are also uniquely positioned to be vehicles to delivery therapeutics across the BBB to modulate HIV neuroinflammation. This mini-review will briefly discuss what is known about exosome signaling in the context of HIV in the central nervous system (CNS), their potential for biomarkers as well as their potential for vehicles to deliver various therapeutics to treat HIV neuroinflammation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.637192/fullHIV neuroinflammationexosomessignalingdeliveryblood-brain barrier |
| spellingShingle | Supriya D. Mahajan Nigel Smith Ordain Hilliard Kutscher Hilliard Kutscher Hilliard Kutscher Shanta Karki Jessica L. Reynolds HIV Neuroinflammation: The Role of Exosomes in Cell Signaling, Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers and Drug Delivery Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology HIV neuroinflammation exosomes signaling delivery blood-brain barrier |
| title | HIV Neuroinflammation: The Role of Exosomes in Cell Signaling, Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers and Drug Delivery |
| title_full | HIV Neuroinflammation: The Role of Exosomes in Cell Signaling, Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers and Drug Delivery |
| title_fullStr | HIV Neuroinflammation: The Role of Exosomes in Cell Signaling, Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers and Drug Delivery |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV Neuroinflammation: The Role of Exosomes in Cell Signaling, Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers and Drug Delivery |
| title_short | HIV Neuroinflammation: The Role of Exosomes in Cell Signaling, Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers and Drug Delivery |
| title_sort | hiv neuroinflammation the role of exosomes in cell signaling prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and drug delivery |
| topic | HIV neuroinflammation exosomes signaling delivery blood-brain barrier |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.637192/full |
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