Tunisian camel casein gene characterization reveals similarities and differences with Sudanese and Nigerian populations
ABSTRACT: Milk is a primary protein source that has always played a role in mammalian health. Despite the intensification of research projects on dromedary and the knowledge of the genetic diversity at the casein loci, the genetic structure of the Tunisian camel population still needs exploration. T...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222003836 |
| _version_ | 1818189455720185856 |
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| author | N. Letaief S. Bedhiaf-Romdhani W. Ben Salem A.A.S. Mohammed G. Gaspa A. Pauciullo |
| author_facet | N. Letaief S. Bedhiaf-Romdhani W. Ben Salem A.A.S. Mohammed G. Gaspa A. Pauciullo |
| author_sort | N. Letaief |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Milk is a primary protein source that has always played a role in mammalian health. Despite the intensification of research projects on dromedary and the knowledge of the genetic diversity at the casein loci, the genetic structure of the Tunisian camel population still needs exploration. This study sought to determine the genetic diversity of 3 casein gene variants in 5 Tunisian camel ecotypes: c.150G>T at CSN1S1 (αS1-casein), g.2126A>G at CSN2 (β-casein), and g.1029T>C at CSN3 (κ-casein). The obtained results were compared with data published on Sudanese and Nigerian camels to establish the level of differentiation within and between populations. A total of 159 blood samples were collected from 5 Tunisian camel ecotypes and the extracted DNA was genotyped by PCR-RFLP. A streamlined genotyping protocol was also developed for CSN3. Results indicated that allele T was quite rare (0.06) at CSN1S1 for all ecotypes. Minor allele frequency was found for G (0.462) in CSN2 except for Ardhaoui Medenine ecotype who deviated from the average CSN2 allele frequency of the total population. Allele C showed minor allele frequency of 0.384 in CSN3. Among the Tunisian population, GAT (0.343) was the most represented haplotype in all ecotypes except for Ardhaoui Medenine, where GGC (0.322) was the most frequent one. Significant differences in heterozygosity and local inbreeding were observed across the Tunisian, Sudanese, and Nigerian populations, although the global fixation index indicated that only 2.2% of the genetic variance is related to ecotype differences. Instead, phylogenetic analysis revealed a closer link between the Tunisian and Sudanese populations through a clade subdivision with 3 main branches among the ecotypes. This study represents the first attempt to understand casein gene variability in Tunisian camels; with further study, milk traits and genetic differentiation among populations can be associated with the history of camel domestication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T23:43:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3322ff49bf64e2bbb1f162165f3719e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T23:43:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3322ff49bf64e2bbb1f162165f3719e2022-12-22T00:45:41ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022022-08-01105867836794Tunisian camel casein gene characterization reveals similarities and differences with Sudanese and Nigerian populationsN. Letaief0S. Bedhiaf-Romdhani1W. Ben Salem2A.A.S. Mohammed3G. Gaspa4A. Pauciullo5National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia 1082, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Animal and Forage Production, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Ariana 1004, TunisiaLaboratory of Animal and Forage Production, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Ariana 1004, TunisiaAnimal and Pasture Agency, Tunis 1002, TunisiaDepartment of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Corresponding authorABSTRACT: Milk is a primary protein source that has always played a role in mammalian health. Despite the intensification of research projects on dromedary and the knowledge of the genetic diversity at the casein loci, the genetic structure of the Tunisian camel population still needs exploration. This study sought to determine the genetic diversity of 3 casein gene variants in 5 Tunisian camel ecotypes: c.150G>T at CSN1S1 (αS1-casein), g.2126A>G at CSN2 (β-casein), and g.1029T>C at CSN3 (κ-casein). The obtained results were compared with data published on Sudanese and Nigerian camels to establish the level of differentiation within and between populations. A total of 159 blood samples were collected from 5 Tunisian camel ecotypes and the extracted DNA was genotyped by PCR-RFLP. A streamlined genotyping protocol was also developed for CSN3. Results indicated that allele T was quite rare (0.06) at CSN1S1 for all ecotypes. Minor allele frequency was found for G (0.462) in CSN2 except for Ardhaoui Medenine ecotype who deviated from the average CSN2 allele frequency of the total population. Allele C showed minor allele frequency of 0.384 in CSN3. Among the Tunisian population, GAT (0.343) was the most represented haplotype in all ecotypes except for Ardhaoui Medenine, where GGC (0.322) was the most frequent one. Significant differences in heterozygosity and local inbreeding were observed across the Tunisian, Sudanese, and Nigerian populations, although the global fixation index indicated that only 2.2% of the genetic variance is related to ecotype differences. Instead, phylogenetic analysis revealed a closer link between the Tunisian and Sudanese populations through a clade subdivision with 3 main branches among the ecotypes. This study represents the first attempt to understand casein gene variability in Tunisian camels; with further study, milk traits and genetic differentiation among populations can be associated with the history of camel domestication.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222003836casein genesecotypesgenetic diversityTunisian camel population |
| spellingShingle | N. Letaief S. Bedhiaf-Romdhani W. Ben Salem A.A.S. Mohammed G. Gaspa A. Pauciullo Tunisian camel casein gene characterization reveals similarities and differences with Sudanese and Nigerian populations Journal of Dairy Science casein genes ecotypes genetic diversity Tunisian camel population |
| title | Tunisian camel casein gene characterization reveals similarities and differences with Sudanese and Nigerian populations |
| title_full | Tunisian camel casein gene characterization reveals similarities and differences with Sudanese and Nigerian populations |
| title_fullStr | Tunisian camel casein gene characterization reveals similarities and differences with Sudanese and Nigerian populations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tunisian camel casein gene characterization reveals similarities and differences with Sudanese and Nigerian populations |
| title_short | Tunisian camel casein gene characterization reveals similarities and differences with Sudanese and Nigerian populations |
| title_sort | tunisian camel casein gene characterization reveals similarities and differences with sudanese and nigerian populations |
| topic | casein genes ecotypes genetic diversity Tunisian camel population |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222003836 |
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