Content validity and test–retest reliability with principal component analysis of the translated Malay four-item version of Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire
Purpose – This study aimed to develop the construct validity for the Malay version of the Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ) by adapting the original questionnaire to suit the local context. Design/methodology/approach – The PPAQ was adopted and translated into the Malay language an...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Health Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHR-11-2019-0269/full/pdf?title=content-validity-and-test-retest-reliability-with-principal-component-analysis-of-the-translated-malay-four-item-version-of-paffenbarger-physical-activity-questionnaire |
| _version_ | 1797760170502127616 |
|---|---|
| author | Fazlisham Binti Ghazali Siti Nurhafizah Saleeza Ramlee Najib Alwi Hazuan Hizan |
| author_facet | Fazlisham Binti Ghazali Siti Nurhafizah Saleeza Ramlee Najib Alwi Hazuan Hizan |
| author_sort | Fazlisham Binti Ghazali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose – This study aimed to develop the construct validity for the Malay version of the Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ) by adapting the original questionnaire to suit the local context. Design/methodology/approach – The PPAQ was adopted and translated into the Malay language and modified to reach good content agreement among a panel of experts. A total of 65 participants aged 22–55 years old, fluent and literate in the Malay language were selected. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate construct validity. Reliability of this adapted instrument was analyzed according to types of variables. Findings – The panel of experts reached a consensus that the final four items chosen in the adapted Malay version of PPAQ were valid and supported by a good content validity index (CVI). In total, two domains consonant with the operational domain definition were identified by PCA. Based on scores from intensity and duration of exercise, the study further divided the group into who were physically active and those who chose the unstructured physical activity. Relative reliability after a 14-day interval demonstrated moderate strength of agreement with an acceptable range of measurement error. Research limitations/implications – PPAQ has been used worldwide but was less familiar in the local context. The Malay-four item PPAQ will provide the locally validated version of physical activity questionnaire. In addition, the authors have improved the original PPAQ by dividing the question items into two distinct domains which will effectively identify those who are physically active and those who are involved in unplanned exercise. Nevertheless, further research is recommended in bigger and heterogeneous samples along with a number of reliability tests. Practical implications – To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to assess internal structure of the four-item version of PPAQ. This analysis successfully identified two components with eigenvalue more than one in the Malay four-item PPAQ. Based on this, the authors were able to separate pool of population into two groups, which are physically active and unplanned exercise (involved in unstructured exercise). The ability of the validated questionnaire to divide the population into various intensities of physical activity is a novel one, which may be useful in many public health studies where high intensity of physical activity; hence, greater energy expenditure is associated with increased longevity, better health benefit and improved cognitive function. Social implications – In addition, the second domain “unplanned exercise” was successfully grouped together. Implication of the unplanned exercise component is to identify pool of population with active lifestyle awareness and choose the unstructured exercise instead of vigorous and formal exercising. Even though the amount of intensity and duration of incidental exercise does not reach recommended public health recommendation, it has been proven that preferred healthier lifestyle is positively associated with better cognition in later life. Originality/value – The adapted Malay version of PPAQ has sound psychometric properties and could assist in differentiating groups of population based on their physical activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T18:54:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3338c75986f47b5b1d0069546c3b736 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0857-4421 2586-940X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T18:54:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Health Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3338c75986f47b5b1d0069546c3b7362023-08-02T06:57:09ZengCollege of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn UniversityJournal of Health Research0857-44212586-940X2021-08-0135649350510.1108/JHR-11-2019-0269656933Content validity and test–retest reliability with principal component analysis of the translated Malay four-item version of Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaireFazlisham Binti Ghazali0Siti Nurhafizah Saleeza Ramlee1Najib Alwi2Hazuan Hizan3OSHA, College of Medical Sciences, Cyberjaya University, Cyberjaya, MalaysiaOSHA, College of Medical Sciences, Cyberjaya University, Cyberjaya, MalaysiaManagement and Science University, Shah Alam, MalaysiaSultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim, MalaysiaPurpose – This study aimed to develop the construct validity for the Malay version of the Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ) by adapting the original questionnaire to suit the local context. Design/methodology/approach – The PPAQ was adopted and translated into the Malay language and modified to reach good content agreement among a panel of experts. A total of 65 participants aged 22–55 years old, fluent and literate in the Malay language were selected. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate construct validity. Reliability of this adapted instrument was analyzed according to types of variables. Findings – The panel of experts reached a consensus that the final four items chosen in the adapted Malay version of PPAQ were valid and supported by a good content validity index (CVI). In total, two domains consonant with the operational domain definition were identified by PCA. Based on scores from intensity and duration of exercise, the study further divided the group into who were physically active and those who chose the unstructured physical activity. Relative reliability after a 14-day interval demonstrated moderate strength of agreement with an acceptable range of measurement error. Research limitations/implications – PPAQ has been used worldwide but was less familiar in the local context. The Malay-four item PPAQ will provide the locally validated version of physical activity questionnaire. In addition, the authors have improved the original PPAQ by dividing the question items into two distinct domains which will effectively identify those who are physically active and those who are involved in unplanned exercise. Nevertheless, further research is recommended in bigger and heterogeneous samples along with a number of reliability tests. Practical implications – To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to assess internal structure of the four-item version of PPAQ. This analysis successfully identified two components with eigenvalue more than one in the Malay four-item PPAQ. Based on this, the authors were able to separate pool of population into two groups, which are physically active and unplanned exercise (involved in unstructured exercise). The ability of the validated questionnaire to divide the population into various intensities of physical activity is a novel one, which may be useful in many public health studies where high intensity of physical activity; hence, greater energy expenditure is associated with increased longevity, better health benefit and improved cognitive function. Social implications – In addition, the second domain “unplanned exercise” was successfully grouped together. Implication of the unplanned exercise component is to identify pool of population with active lifestyle awareness and choose the unstructured exercise instead of vigorous and formal exercising. Even though the amount of intensity and duration of incidental exercise does not reach recommended public health recommendation, it has been proven that preferred healthier lifestyle is positively associated with better cognition in later life. Originality/value – The adapted Malay version of PPAQ has sound psychometric properties and could assist in differentiating groups of population based on their physical activity.https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHR-11-2019-0269/full/pdf?title=content-validity-and-test-retest-reliability-with-principal-component-analysis-of-the-translated-malay-four-item-version-of-paffenbarger-physical-activity-questionnairepaffenbarger physical activitymalay-translated physical activitytest–retest reliabilitycontent validityprincipal component analysis |
| spellingShingle | Fazlisham Binti Ghazali Siti Nurhafizah Saleeza Ramlee Najib Alwi Hazuan Hizan Content validity and test–retest reliability with principal component analysis of the translated Malay four-item version of Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire Journal of Health Research paffenbarger physical activity malay-translated physical activity test–retest reliability content validity principal component analysis |
| title | Content validity and test–retest reliability with principal component analysis of the translated Malay four-item version of Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire |
| title_full | Content validity and test–retest reliability with principal component analysis of the translated Malay four-item version of Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire |
| title_fullStr | Content validity and test–retest reliability with principal component analysis of the translated Malay four-item version of Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire |
| title_full_unstemmed | Content validity and test–retest reliability with principal component analysis of the translated Malay four-item version of Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire |
| title_short | Content validity and test–retest reliability with principal component analysis of the translated Malay four-item version of Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire |
| title_sort | content validity and test retest reliability with principal component analysis of the translated malay four item version of paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire |
| topic | paffenbarger physical activity malay-translated physical activity test–retest reliability content validity principal component analysis |
| url | https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHR-11-2019-0269/full/pdf?title=content-validity-and-test-retest-reliability-with-principal-component-analysis-of-the-translated-malay-four-item-version-of-paffenbarger-physical-activity-questionnaire |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fazlishambintighazali contentvalidityandtestretestreliabilitywithprincipalcomponentanalysisofthetranslatedmalayfouritemversionofpaffenbargerphysicalactivityquestionnaire AT sitinurhafizahsaleezaramlee contentvalidityandtestretestreliabilitywithprincipalcomponentanalysisofthetranslatedmalayfouritemversionofpaffenbargerphysicalactivityquestionnaire AT najibalwi contentvalidityandtestretestreliabilitywithprincipalcomponentanalysisofthetranslatedmalayfouritemversionofpaffenbargerphysicalactivityquestionnaire AT hazuanhizan contentvalidityandtestretestreliabilitywithprincipalcomponentanalysisofthetranslatedmalayfouritemversionofpaffenbargerphysicalactivityquestionnaire |