Sex, Endothelial Cell Functions, and Peripheral Artery Disease
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by blocked arteries due to atherosclerosis and/or thrombosis which reduce blood flow to the lower limbs. It results in major morbidity, including ischemic limb, claudication, and amputation, with patients also suffering a heightened risk of heart attack, str...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/24/17439 |
| _version_ | 1797380726280159232 |
|---|---|
| author | Siân P. Cartland Christopher P. Stanley Christina Bursill Freda Passam Gemma A. Figtree Sanjay Patel Jacky Loa Jonathan Golledge David A. Robinson Sarah J. Aitken Mary M. Kavurma |
| author_facet | Siân P. Cartland Christopher P. Stanley Christina Bursill Freda Passam Gemma A. Figtree Sanjay Patel Jacky Loa Jonathan Golledge David A. Robinson Sarah J. Aitken Mary M. Kavurma |
| author_sort | Siân P. Cartland |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by blocked arteries due to atherosclerosis and/or thrombosis which reduce blood flow to the lower limbs. It results in major morbidity, including ischemic limb, claudication, and amputation, with patients also suffering a heightened risk of heart attack, stroke, and death. Recent studies suggest women have a higher prevalence of PAD than men, and with worse outcomes after intervention. In addition to a potential unconscious bias faced by women with PAD in the health system, with underdiagnosis, and lower rates of guideline-based therapy, fundamental biological differences between men and women may be important. In this review, we highlight sexual dimorphisms in endothelial cell functions and how they may impact PAD pathophysiology in women. Understanding sex-specific mechanisms in PAD is essential for the development of new therapies and personalized care for patients with PAD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:42:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d338286688ac4a8dbd885de78c5c9f25 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:42:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d338286688ac4a8dbd885de78c5c9f252023-12-22T14:14:29ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-12-0124241743910.3390/ijms242417439Sex, Endothelial Cell Functions, and Peripheral Artery DiseaseSiân P. Cartland0Christopher P. Stanley1Christina Bursill2Freda Passam3Gemma A. Figtree4Sanjay Patel5Jacky Loa6Jonathan Golledge7David A. Robinson8Sarah J. Aitken9Mary M. Kavurma10Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, AustraliaHeart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, AustraliaSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaFaculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, AustraliaFaculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, AustraliaHeart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, AustraliaRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, AustraliaQueensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, AustraliaRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, AustraliaFaculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, AustraliaHeart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, AustraliaPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by blocked arteries due to atherosclerosis and/or thrombosis which reduce blood flow to the lower limbs. It results in major morbidity, including ischemic limb, claudication, and amputation, with patients also suffering a heightened risk of heart attack, stroke, and death. Recent studies suggest women have a higher prevalence of PAD than men, and with worse outcomes after intervention. In addition to a potential unconscious bias faced by women with PAD in the health system, with underdiagnosis, and lower rates of guideline-based therapy, fundamental biological differences between men and women may be important. In this review, we highlight sexual dimorphisms in endothelial cell functions and how they may impact PAD pathophysiology in women. Understanding sex-specific mechanisms in PAD is essential for the development of new therapies and personalized care for patients with PAD.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/24/17439peripheral artery diseaseendothelial cell dysfunctionsex differences |
| spellingShingle | Siân P. Cartland Christopher P. Stanley Christina Bursill Freda Passam Gemma A. Figtree Sanjay Patel Jacky Loa Jonathan Golledge David A. Robinson Sarah J. Aitken Mary M. Kavurma Sex, Endothelial Cell Functions, and Peripheral Artery Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences peripheral artery disease endothelial cell dysfunction sex differences |
| title | Sex, Endothelial Cell Functions, and Peripheral Artery Disease |
| title_full | Sex, Endothelial Cell Functions, and Peripheral Artery Disease |
| title_fullStr | Sex, Endothelial Cell Functions, and Peripheral Artery Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex, Endothelial Cell Functions, and Peripheral Artery Disease |
| title_short | Sex, Endothelial Cell Functions, and Peripheral Artery Disease |
| title_sort | sex endothelial cell functions and peripheral artery disease |
| topic | peripheral artery disease endothelial cell dysfunction sex differences |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/24/17439 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sianpcartland sexendothelialcellfunctionsandperipheralarterydisease AT christopherpstanley sexendothelialcellfunctionsandperipheralarterydisease AT christinabursill sexendothelialcellfunctionsandperipheralarterydisease AT fredapassam sexendothelialcellfunctionsandperipheralarterydisease AT gemmaafigtree sexendothelialcellfunctionsandperipheralarterydisease AT sanjaypatel sexendothelialcellfunctionsandperipheralarterydisease AT jackyloa sexendothelialcellfunctionsandperipheralarterydisease AT jonathangolledge sexendothelialcellfunctionsandperipheralarterydisease AT davidarobinson sexendothelialcellfunctionsandperipheralarterydisease AT sarahjaitken sexendothelialcellfunctionsandperipheralarterydisease AT marymkavurma sexendothelialcellfunctionsandperipheralarterydisease |