Feasibility of Location-Aware Handover for Autonomous Vehicles in Industrial Multi-Radio Environments
The integration of millimeter wave (mmWave) and low frequency interfaces brings an unique opportunity to unify the communications and positioning technologies in the future wireless heterogeneous networks (HetNets), which offer great potential for efficient handover using location awareness, hence a...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6290 |
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| author | Yi Lu Mikhail Gerasimenko Roman Kovalchukov Martin Stusek Jani Urama Jiri Hosek Mikko Valkama Elena Simona Lohan |
| author_facet | Yi Lu Mikhail Gerasimenko Roman Kovalchukov Martin Stusek Jani Urama Jiri Hosek Mikko Valkama Elena Simona Lohan |
| author_sort | Yi Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The integration of millimeter wave (mmWave) and low frequency interfaces brings an unique opportunity to unify the communications and positioning technologies in the future wireless heterogeneous networks (HetNets), which offer great potential for efficient handover using location awareness, hence a location-aware handover (LHO). Targeting a self-organized communication system with autonomous vehicles, we conduct and describe an experimental and analytical study on the LHO using a mmWave-enabled robotic platform in a multi-radio environment. Compared to the conventional received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based handover, the studied LHO not only improves the achievable throughput, but also enhances the wireless link robustness for the industrial Internet-of-things (IIoT)-oriented applications. In terms of acquiring location awareness, a geometry-based positioning (GBP) algorithm is proposed and implemented in both simulation and experiments, where its achievable accuracy is assessed and tested. Based on the performed experiments, the location-related measurements acquired by the robot are not accurate enough for the standalone-GBP algorithm to provide an accurate location awareness to perform a reliable handover. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that by combining the GBP with the dead reckoning, more accurate location awareness becomes achievable, the LHO can therefore be performed in a more optimized manner compared to the conventional RSSI-based handover scheme, and is therefore able to achieve approximately twice as high average throughput in certain scenarios. Our study confirms that the achieved location awareness, if accurate enough, could enable an efficient handover scheme, further enhancing the autonomous features in the HetNets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:05:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d33e517f1f1a412fafc04b5e7a9726fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:05:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-d33e517f1f1a412fafc04b5e7a9726fa2023-11-20T19:50:14ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-11-012021629010.3390/s20216290Feasibility of Location-Aware Handover for Autonomous Vehicles in Industrial Multi-Radio EnvironmentsYi Lu0Mikhail Gerasimenko1Roman Kovalchukov2Martin Stusek3Jani Urama4Jiri Hosek5Mikko Valkama6Elena Simona Lohan7Department of Electrial Engineering, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Electrial Engineering, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Electrial Engineering, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Electrial Engineering, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Electrial Engineering, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, 616 00 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Electrial Engineering, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Electrial Engineering, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, FinlandThe integration of millimeter wave (mmWave) and low frequency interfaces brings an unique opportunity to unify the communications and positioning technologies in the future wireless heterogeneous networks (HetNets), which offer great potential for efficient handover using location awareness, hence a location-aware handover (LHO). Targeting a self-organized communication system with autonomous vehicles, we conduct and describe an experimental and analytical study on the LHO using a mmWave-enabled robotic platform in a multi-radio environment. Compared to the conventional received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based handover, the studied LHO not only improves the achievable throughput, but also enhances the wireless link robustness for the industrial Internet-of-things (IIoT)-oriented applications. In terms of acquiring location awareness, a geometry-based positioning (GBP) algorithm is proposed and implemented in both simulation and experiments, where its achievable accuracy is assessed and tested. Based on the performed experiments, the location-related measurements acquired by the robot are not accurate enough for the standalone-GBP algorithm to provide an accurate location awareness to perform a reliable handover. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that by combining the GBP with the dead reckoning, more accurate location awareness becomes achievable, the LHO can therefore be performed in a more optimized manner compared to the conventional RSSI-based handover scheme, and is therefore able to achieve approximately twice as high average throughput in certain scenarios. Our study confirms that the achieved location awareness, if accurate enough, could enable an efficient handover scheme, further enhancing the autonomous features in the HetNets.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6290dead reckoninggeometry-based positioningindoor industrial environmentslocation-aware handovermmWave communicationsmulti-radio access |
| spellingShingle | Yi Lu Mikhail Gerasimenko Roman Kovalchukov Martin Stusek Jani Urama Jiri Hosek Mikko Valkama Elena Simona Lohan Feasibility of Location-Aware Handover for Autonomous Vehicles in Industrial Multi-Radio Environments Sensors dead reckoning geometry-based positioning indoor industrial environments location-aware handover mmWave communications multi-radio access |
| title | Feasibility of Location-Aware Handover for Autonomous Vehicles in Industrial Multi-Radio Environments |
| title_full | Feasibility of Location-Aware Handover for Autonomous Vehicles in Industrial Multi-Radio Environments |
| title_fullStr | Feasibility of Location-Aware Handover for Autonomous Vehicles in Industrial Multi-Radio Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Feasibility of Location-Aware Handover for Autonomous Vehicles in Industrial Multi-Radio Environments |
| title_short | Feasibility of Location-Aware Handover for Autonomous Vehicles in Industrial Multi-Radio Environments |
| title_sort | feasibility of location aware handover for autonomous vehicles in industrial multi radio environments |
| topic | dead reckoning geometry-based positioning indoor industrial environments location-aware handover mmWave communications multi-radio access |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6290 |
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