Proteoglycans and neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex during development and disease
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycans are major constituents of the extracellular matrix and the cell surface in the brain. Proteoglycans bind with many proteins including growth factors, chemokines, axon guidance molecules, and cell adhesion molecules through both the...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2015.00098/full |
| _version_ | 1819097211807465472 |
|---|---|
| author | Nobuaki eMaeda |
| author_facet | Nobuaki eMaeda |
| author_sort | Nobuaki eMaeda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycans are major constituents of the extracellular matrix and the cell surface in the brain. Proteoglycans bind with many proteins including growth factors, chemokines, axon guidance molecules, and cell adhesion molecules through both the glycosaminoglycan and the core protein portions. The functions of proteoglycans are flexibly regulated due to the structural variability of glycosaminoglycans, which are generated by multiple glycosaminoglycan synthesis and modifying enzymes. Neuronal cell surface proteoglycans such as PTPzeta, neuroglycan C and syndecan-3 function as direct receptors for heparin-binding growth factors that induce neuronal migration. The lectican family, secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, forms large aggregates with hyaluronic acid and tenascins, in which many signaling molecules and enzymes including matrix proteases are preserved. In the developing cerebrum, secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans such as neurocan, versican and phosphacan are richly expressed in the areas that are strategically important for neuronal migration such as the striatum, marginal zone, subplate and subventricular zone in the neocortex. These proteoglycans may anchor various attractive and/or repulsive cues, regulating the migration routes of inhibitory neurons. Recent studies demonstrated that the genes encoding proteoglycan core proteins and glycosaminoglycan synthesis and modifying enzymes are associated with various psychiatric and intellectual disorders, which may be related to the defects of neuronal migration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:11:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d347f5e9c88b4413aacbc1e1bf523ebf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:11:29Z |
| publishDate | 2015-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-d347f5e9c88b4413aacbc1e1bf523ebf2022-12-21T18:45:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2015-03-01910.3389/fnins.2015.00098132466Proteoglycans and neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex during development and diseaseNobuaki eMaeda0Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceChondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycans are major constituents of the extracellular matrix and the cell surface in the brain. Proteoglycans bind with many proteins including growth factors, chemokines, axon guidance molecules, and cell adhesion molecules through both the glycosaminoglycan and the core protein portions. The functions of proteoglycans are flexibly regulated due to the structural variability of glycosaminoglycans, which are generated by multiple glycosaminoglycan synthesis and modifying enzymes. Neuronal cell surface proteoglycans such as PTPzeta, neuroglycan C and syndecan-3 function as direct receptors for heparin-binding growth factors that induce neuronal migration. The lectican family, secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, forms large aggregates with hyaluronic acid and tenascins, in which many signaling molecules and enzymes including matrix proteases are preserved. In the developing cerebrum, secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans such as neurocan, versican and phosphacan are richly expressed in the areas that are strategically important for neuronal migration such as the striatum, marginal zone, subplate and subventricular zone in the neocortex. These proteoglycans may anchor various attractive and/or repulsive cues, regulating the migration routes of inhibitory neurons. Recent studies demonstrated that the genes encoding proteoglycan core proteins and glycosaminoglycan synthesis and modifying enzymes are associated with various psychiatric and intellectual disorders, which may be related to the defects of neuronal migration.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2015.00098/fullExtracellular Matrixneuronal migrationHeparan sulfateproteoglycanchondroitin sulfate |
| spellingShingle | Nobuaki eMaeda Proteoglycans and neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex during development and disease Frontiers in Neuroscience Extracellular Matrix neuronal migration Heparan sulfate proteoglycan chondroitin sulfate |
| title | Proteoglycans and neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex during development and disease |
| title_full | Proteoglycans and neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex during development and disease |
| title_fullStr | Proteoglycans and neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex during development and disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proteoglycans and neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex during development and disease |
| title_short | Proteoglycans and neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex during development and disease |
| title_sort | proteoglycans and neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex during development and disease |
| topic | Extracellular Matrix neuronal migration Heparan sulfate proteoglycan chondroitin sulfate |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2015.00098/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nobuakiemaeda proteoglycansandneuronalmigrationinthecerebralcortexduringdevelopmentanddisease |