The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars
Lead (Pb) is predicted to have large over-abundances with respect to other <i>s</i>-process elements in Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, especially of low metallicities. However, our previous abundance studies of <i>s</i>-process enriched post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (pos...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Universe |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/11/446 |
| _version_ | 1827675328986742784 |
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| author | Devika Kamath Hans Van Winckel |
| author_facet | Devika Kamath Hans Van Winckel |
| author_sort | Devika Kamath |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lead (Pb) is predicted to have large over-abundances with respect to other <i>s</i>-process elements in Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, especially of low metallicities. However, our previous abundance studies of <i>s</i>-process enriched post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (post-AGB) stars in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds show a discrepancy between observed and predicted Pb abundances. For the subset of post-AGB stars with low metallicities the determined upper limits based on detailed chemical abundance studies are much lower than what is predicted. Recent theoretical studies have pointed to the occurrence of the <i>i</i>-process to explain the observed chemical patterns, especially of Pb. A major development, in the observational context, is the release of the GAIA EDR3 parallaxes of the post-AGBs in the Galaxy, which has opened the gateway to systematically studying the sample of stars as a function of current luminosities (which can be linked to their initial masses). In this paper, we succinctly review the Pb discrepancy in post-AGB stars and present the latest observational and theoretical developments in this research landscape. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:00:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d34b11c7d5354ee3a03840b605d13665 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1997 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:00:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Universe |
| spelling | doaj.art-d34b11c7d5354ee3a03840b605d136652023-11-23T01:50:50ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972021-11-0171144610.3390/universe7110446The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB StarsDevika Kamath0Hans Van Winckel1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2119, AustraliaInstituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D bus 2401, B-3001 Leuven, BelgiumLead (Pb) is predicted to have large over-abundances with respect to other <i>s</i>-process elements in Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, especially of low metallicities. However, our previous abundance studies of <i>s</i>-process enriched post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (post-AGB) stars in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds show a discrepancy between observed and predicted Pb abundances. For the subset of post-AGB stars with low metallicities the determined upper limits based on detailed chemical abundance studies are much lower than what is predicted. Recent theoretical studies have pointed to the occurrence of the <i>i</i>-process to explain the observed chemical patterns, especially of Pb. A major development, in the observational context, is the release of the GAIA EDR3 parallaxes of the post-AGBs in the Galaxy, which has opened the gateway to systematically studying the sample of stars as a function of current luminosities (which can be linked to their initial masses). In this paper, we succinctly review the Pb discrepancy in post-AGB stars and present the latest observational and theoretical developments in this research landscape.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/11/446stars: AGB and post-AGBstars: chemically peculiarneutron-capture processesMagellanic CloudsGalaxy: stellar contentstars: abundances |
| spellingShingle | Devika Kamath Hans Van Winckel The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars Universe stars: AGB and post-AGB stars: chemically peculiar neutron-capture processes Magellanic Clouds Galaxy: stellar content stars: abundances |
| title | The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars |
| title_full | The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars |
| title_fullStr | The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars |
| title_short | The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars |
| title_sort | missing lead developments in the lead pb discrepancy in intrinsically i s i process enriched single post agb stars |
| topic | stars: AGB and post-AGB stars: chemically peculiar neutron-capture processes Magellanic Clouds Galaxy: stellar content stars: abundances |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/11/446 |
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