The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic Approaches
Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic pathological process that involves inflammation together with endothelial dysfunction and lipoprotein dysregulation. Experimental studies during the past decades have established the role of inflammatory cytokines in coronary artery disease, namely interleukins...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/15937 |
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| author | Panagiotis Tsioufis Panagiotis Theofilis Konstantinos Tsioufis Dimitris Tousoulis |
| author_facet | Panagiotis Tsioufis Panagiotis Theofilis Konstantinos Tsioufis Dimitris Tousoulis |
| author_sort | Panagiotis Tsioufis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic pathological process that involves inflammation together with endothelial dysfunction and lipoprotein dysregulation. Experimental studies during the past decades have established the role of inflammatory cytokines in coronary artery disease, namely interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ, and chemokines. Moreover, their value as biomarkers in disease development and progression further enhance the validity of this interaction. Recently, cytokine-targeted treatment approaches have emerged as potential tools in the management of atherosclerotic disease. IL-1β, based on the results of the CANTOS trial, remains the most validated option in reducing the residual cardiovascular risk. Along the same line, colchicine was also proven efficacious in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events in large clinical trials of patients with acute and chronic coronary syndrome. Other commercially available agents targeting IL-6 (tocilizumab), TNF-α (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab), or IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) have mostly been assessed in the setting of other inflammatory diseases and further testing in atherosclerosis is required. In the future, potential targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome, anti-inflammatory IL-10, or atherogenic chemokines could represent appealing options, provided that patient safety is proven to be of no concern. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:32:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d351b56dab384e6da15b0cb22ac6677a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:32:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d351b56dab384e6da15b0cb22ac6677a2023-12-03T14:53:09ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-12-0123241593710.3390/ijms232415937The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic ApproachesPanagiotis Tsioufis0Panagiotis Theofilis1Konstantinos Tsioufis2Dimitris Tousoulis3First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, GreeceFirst Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, GreeceFirst Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, GreeceFirst Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, GreeceCoronary atherosclerosis is a chronic pathological process that involves inflammation together with endothelial dysfunction and lipoprotein dysregulation. Experimental studies during the past decades have established the role of inflammatory cytokines in coronary artery disease, namely interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ, and chemokines. Moreover, their value as biomarkers in disease development and progression further enhance the validity of this interaction. Recently, cytokine-targeted treatment approaches have emerged as potential tools in the management of atherosclerotic disease. IL-1β, based on the results of the CANTOS trial, remains the most validated option in reducing the residual cardiovascular risk. Along the same line, colchicine was also proven efficacious in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events in large clinical trials of patients with acute and chronic coronary syndrome. Other commercially available agents targeting IL-6 (tocilizumab), TNF-α (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab), or IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) have mostly been assessed in the setting of other inflammatory diseases and further testing in atherosclerosis is required. In the future, potential targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome, anti-inflammatory IL-10, or atherogenic chemokines could represent appealing options, provided that patient safety is proven to be of no concern.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/15937atherosclerosiscoronary artery diseaseinflammationinterleukintumor necrosis factor |
| spellingShingle | Panagiotis Tsioufis Panagiotis Theofilis Konstantinos Tsioufis Dimitris Tousoulis The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic Approaches International Journal of Molecular Sciences atherosclerosis coronary artery disease inflammation interleukin tumor necrosis factor |
| title | The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic Approaches |
| title_full | The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic Approaches |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic Approaches |
| title_short | The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic Approaches |
| title_sort | impact of cytokines in coronary atherosclerotic plaque current therapeutic approaches |
| topic | atherosclerosis coronary artery disease inflammation interleukin tumor necrosis factor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/15937 |
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