Dynamic immune landscape in vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections revealed a 5-month protection-duration against XBB infection and a shift in immune imprintingResearch in context
Summary: Background: The impact of previous vaccination on protective immunity, duration, and immune imprinting in the context of BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfection remains unknown. Methods: Based on a 2-year longitudinal cohort from vaccination, BA.5 infection and XBB reinfection, several immune effectors...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | EBioMedicine |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396423004693 |
| _version_ | 1797400899217260544 |
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| author | Tingting Cui Xiaoling Su Jing Sun Siyi Liu Mingzhu Huang Weidong Li Chengna Luo Li Cheng Rui Wei Tao Song Xi Sun Qi Luo Juan Li Jie Su Shidong Deng Jincun Zhao Zhuxiang Zhao Nanshan Zhong Zhongfang Wang |
| author_facet | Tingting Cui Xiaoling Su Jing Sun Siyi Liu Mingzhu Huang Weidong Li Chengna Luo Li Cheng Rui Wei Tao Song Xi Sun Qi Luo Juan Li Jie Su Shidong Deng Jincun Zhao Zhuxiang Zhao Nanshan Zhong Zhongfang Wang |
| author_sort | Tingting Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: Background: The impact of previous vaccination on protective immunity, duration, and immune imprinting in the context of BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfection remains unknown. Methods: Based on a 2-year longitudinal cohort from vaccination, BA.5 infection and XBB reinfection, several immune effectors, including neutralizing antibodies (Nabs), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), virus-specific T cell immunity were measured to investigate the impact of previous vaccination on host immunity induced by BA.5 breakthrough infection and BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfection. Findings: In absence of BA.5 Nabs, plasma collected 3 months after receiving three doses of inactivated vaccine (I-I-I) showed high ADCC that protected hACE2-K18 mice from fatality and significantly reduced viral load in the lungs and brain upon BA.5 challenge, compared to plasma collected 12 months after I-I-I. Nabs against XBB.1.9.1 induced by BA.5 breakthrough infection were low at day 14 and decreased to a GMT of 10 at 4 months and 28% (9/32) had GMT ≤4, among whom 67% (6/9) were reinfected with XBB.1.9.1 within 1 month. However, 63% (20/32) were not reinfected with XBB.1.9.1 at 5 months post BA.5 infection. Interestingly, XBB.1.9.1 reinfection increased Nabs against XBB.1.9.1 by 24.5-fold at 14 days post-reinfection, which was much higher than that against BA.5 (7.3-fold) and WT (4.5-fold), indicating an immune imprinting shifting from WT to XBB antigenic side. Interpretation: Overall, I-I-I can provide protection against BA.5 infection and elicit rapid immune response upon BA.5 infection. Furthermore, BA.5 breakthrough infection effectively protects against XBB.1.9.1 lasting more than 5 months, and XBB.1.9.1 reinfection results in immune imprinting shifting from WT antigen induced by previous vaccination to the new XBB.1.9.1 antigen. These findings strongly suggest that future vaccines should target variant strain antigens, replacing prototype strain antigens. Funding: This study was supported by R&D Program of Guangzhou National Laboratory (SRPG23-005), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2604104, 2019YFC0810900), S&T Program of Guangzhou Laboratory (SRPG22-006), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (81971485, 82271801, 81970038), Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laboratory (EKPG21-30-3), Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province (ZNSA-2020013), and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (J19112006202304). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:02:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d359480637ac4bf599554d3f0ae21aa2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-3964 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:02:12Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EBioMedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-d359480637ac4bf599554d3f0ae21aa22023-12-08T04:45:29ZengElsevierEBioMedicine2352-39642024-01-0199104903Dynamic immune landscape in vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections revealed a 5-month protection-duration against XBB infection and a shift in immune imprintingResearch in contextTingting Cui0Xiaoling Su1Jing Sun2Siyi Liu3Mingzhu Huang4Weidong Li5Chengna Luo6Li Cheng7Rui Wei8Tao Song9Xi Sun10Qi Luo11Juan Li12Jie Su13Shidong Deng14Jincun Zhao15Zhuxiang Zhao16Nanshan Zhong17Zhongfang Wang18State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Disease, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China; Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.Department of Infectious Disease, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China; Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China; Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.Summary: Background: The impact of previous vaccination on protective immunity, duration, and immune imprinting in the context of BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfection remains unknown. Methods: Based on a 2-year longitudinal cohort from vaccination, BA.5 infection and XBB reinfection, several immune effectors, including neutralizing antibodies (Nabs), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), virus-specific T cell immunity were measured to investigate the impact of previous vaccination on host immunity induced by BA.5 breakthrough infection and BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfection. Findings: In absence of BA.5 Nabs, plasma collected 3 months after receiving three doses of inactivated vaccine (I-I-I) showed high ADCC that protected hACE2-K18 mice from fatality and significantly reduced viral load in the lungs and brain upon BA.5 challenge, compared to plasma collected 12 months after I-I-I. Nabs against XBB.1.9.1 induced by BA.5 breakthrough infection were low at day 14 and decreased to a GMT of 10 at 4 months and 28% (9/32) had GMT ≤4, among whom 67% (6/9) were reinfected with XBB.1.9.1 within 1 month. However, 63% (20/32) were not reinfected with XBB.1.9.1 at 5 months post BA.5 infection. Interestingly, XBB.1.9.1 reinfection increased Nabs against XBB.1.9.1 by 24.5-fold at 14 days post-reinfection, which was much higher than that against BA.5 (7.3-fold) and WT (4.5-fold), indicating an immune imprinting shifting from WT to XBB antigenic side. Interpretation: Overall, I-I-I can provide protection against BA.5 infection and elicit rapid immune response upon BA.5 infection. Furthermore, BA.5 breakthrough infection effectively protects against XBB.1.9.1 lasting more than 5 months, and XBB.1.9.1 reinfection results in immune imprinting shifting from WT antigen induced by previous vaccination to the new XBB.1.9.1 antigen. These findings strongly suggest that future vaccines should target variant strain antigens, replacing prototype strain antigens. Funding: This study was supported by R&D Program of Guangzhou National Laboratory (SRPG23-005), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2604104, 2019YFC0810900), S&T Program of Guangzhou Laboratory (SRPG22-006), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (81971485, 82271801, 81970038), Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laboratory (EKPG21-30-3), Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province (ZNSA-2020013), and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (J19112006202304).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396423004693SARS-CoV-2Vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfectionsImmune imprintingProtection-duration |
| spellingShingle | Tingting Cui Xiaoling Su Jing Sun Siyi Liu Mingzhu Huang Weidong Li Chengna Luo Li Cheng Rui Wei Tao Song Xi Sun Qi Luo Juan Li Jie Su Shidong Deng Jincun Zhao Zhuxiang Zhao Nanshan Zhong Zhongfang Wang Dynamic immune landscape in vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections revealed a 5-month protection-duration against XBB infection and a shift in immune imprintingResearch in context EBioMedicine SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections Immune imprinting Protection-duration |
| title | Dynamic immune landscape in vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections revealed a 5-month protection-duration against XBB infection and a shift in immune imprintingResearch in context |
| title_full | Dynamic immune landscape in vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections revealed a 5-month protection-duration against XBB infection and a shift in immune imprintingResearch in context |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic immune landscape in vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections revealed a 5-month protection-duration against XBB infection and a shift in immune imprintingResearch in context |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic immune landscape in vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections revealed a 5-month protection-duration against XBB infection and a shift in immune imprintingResearch in context |
| title_short | Dynamic immune landscape in vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections revealed a 5-month protection-duration against XBB infection and a shift in immune imprintingResearch in context |
| title_sort | dynamic immune landscape in vaccinated ba 5 xbb 1 9 1 reinfections revealed a 5 month protection duration against xbb infection and a shift in immune imprintingresearch in context |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections Immune imprinting Protection-duration |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396423004693 |
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