Protective Effect of <i>Ganoderma atrum</i> Polysaccharide on Acrolein-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagic Flux in IEC-6 Cells
This study was designed to explore the beneficial effect and mechanism of <i>Ganoderma atrum</i> (G. atrum) polysaccharide (PSG-1) on acrolein-induced IEC-6 cells. Our results indicated that PSG-1 significantly reduced the impairment of acrolein on cell viability, decreased oxidative str...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/2/240 |
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| author | Yudan Wang Xinxin Chang Bing Zheng Yi Chen Jianhua Xie Jialuo Shan Xiaoyi Hu Xiaomeng Ding Xiaobo Hu Qiang Yu |
| author_facet | Yudan Wang Xinxin Chang Bing Zheng Yi Chen Jianhua Xie Jialuo Shan Xiaoyi Hu Xiaomeng Ding Xiaobo Hu Qiang Yu |
| author_sort | Yudan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study was designed to explore the beneficial effect and mechanism of <i>Ganoderma atrum</i> (G. atrum) polysaccharide (PSG-1) on acrolein-induced IEC-6 cells. Our results indicated that PSG-1 significantly reduced the impairment of acrolein on cell viability, decreased oxidative stress, and enabled normal expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins that were inhibited by acrolein in IEC-6 cells. Furthermore, PSG-1 attenuated the elevation of microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1-like protein 1 (Beclin 1) and increased the protein levels of phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR) and phospho-akt (p-akt), indicating that PSG-1 activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and alleviated acrolein-induced autophagy in IEC-6 cells. Moreover, PSG-1 markedly attenuated the acrolein-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by the increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, and the decrease in cysteine aspartate lyase (caspase)-3 and caspase-9. In addition, autophagy the inhibitor inhibited acrolein-induced TJ and apoptosis of IEC-6 cells, while the apoptosis inhibitor also inhibited acrolein-induced TJ and autophagy, suggesting that autophagy and apoptosis were mutually regulated. Taken together, the present study proved that PSG-1 could protect IEC-6 cells from acrolein-induced oxidative stress and could repair TJ by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagic flux, where autophagy and apoptosis were mutually regulated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:29:07Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:29:07Z |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-d35e1a15bc4346f59998fcbda244438b2023-11-23T13:46:02ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-01-0111224010.3390/foods11020240Protective Effect of <i>Ganoderma atrum</i> Polysaccharide on Acrolein-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagic Flux in IEC-6 CellsYudan Wang0Xinxin Chang1Bing Zheng2Yi Chen3Jianhua Xie4Jialuo Shan5Xiaoyi Hu6Xiaomeng Ding7Xiaobo Hu8Qiang Yu9State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, ChinaThis study was designed to explore the beneficial effect and mechanism of <i>Ganoderma atrum</i> (G. atrum) polysaccharide (PSG-1) on acrolein-induced IEC-6 cells. Our results indicated that PSG-1 significantly reduced the impairment of acrolein on cell viability, decreased oxidative stress, and enabled normal expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins that were inhibited by acrolein in IEC-6 cells. Furthermore, PSG-1 attenuated the elevation of microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1-like protein 1 (Beclin 1) and increased the protein levels of phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR) and phospho-akt (p-akt), indicating that PSG-1 activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and alleviated acrolein-induced autophagy in IEC-6 cells. Moreover, PSG-1 markedly attenuated the acrolein-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by the increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, and the decrease in cysteine aspartate lyase (caspase)-3 and caspase-9. In addition, autophagy the inhibitor inhibited acrolein-induced TJ and apoptosis of IEC-6 cells, while the apoptosis inhibitor also inhibited acrolein-induced TJ and autophagy, suggesting that autophagy and apoptosis were mutually regulated. Taken together, the present study proved that PSG-1 could protect IEC-6 cells from acrolein-induced oxidative stress and could repair TJ by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagic flux, where autophagy and apoptosis were mutually regulated.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/2/240polysaccharideacroleinIEC-6 cellsautophagyapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Yudan Wang Xinxin Chang Bing Zheng Yi Chen Jianhua Xie Jialuo Shan Xiaoyi Hu Xiaomeng Ding Xiaobo Hu Qiang Yu Protective Effect of <i>Ganoderma atrum</i> Polysaccharide on Acrolein-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagic Flux in IEC-6 Cells Foods polysaccharide acrolein IEC-6 cells autophagy apoptosis |
| title | Protective Effect of <i>Ganoderma atrum</i> Polysaccharide on Acrolein-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagic Flux in IEC-6 Cells |
| title_full | Protective Effect of <i>Ganoderma atrum</i> Polysaccharide on Acrolein-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagic Flux in IEC-6 Cells |
| title_fullStr | Protective Effect of <i>Ganoderma atrum</i> Polysaccharide on Acrolein-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagic Flux in IEC-6 Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effect of <i>Ganoderma atrum</i> Polysaccharide on Acrolein-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagic Flux in IEC-6 Cells |
| title_short | Protective Effect of <i>Ganoderma atrum</i> Polysaccharide on Acrolein-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagic Flux in IEC-6 Cells |
| title_sort | protective effect of i ganoderma atrum i polysaccharide on acrolein induced apoptosis and autophagic flux in iec 6 cells |
| topic | polysaccharide acrolein IEC-6 cells autophagy apoptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/2/240 |
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