In Vitro Fermentation of Edible Mushrooms: Effects on Faecal Microbiota Characteristics of Autistic and Neurotypical Children
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often suffer gastrointestinal disturbances consistent with gut microbiota (GM) alterations. Treatment with pro/prebiotics may potentially alleviate gut symptoms, but the evidence for prebiotics is scarce. This study aims to evaluate the effects of edible...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/414 |
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| author | Georgia Saxami Evdokia K. Mitsou Evangelia N. Kerezoudi Ioanna Mavrouli Marigoula Vlassopoulou Georgios Koutrotsios Konstantinos C. Mountzouris Georgios I. Zervakis Adamantini Kyriacou |
| author_facet | Georgia Saxami Evdokia K. Mitsou Evangelia N. Kerezoudi Ioanna Mavrouli Marigoula Vlassopoulou Georgios Koutrotsios Konstantinos C. Mountzouris Georgios I. Zervakis Adamantini Kyriacou |
| author_sort | Georgia Saxami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often suffer gastrointestinal disturbances consistent with gut microbiota (GM) alterations. Treatment with pro/prebiotics may potentially alleviate gut symptoms, but the evidence for prebiotics is scarce. This study aims to evaluate the effects of edible mushrooms (<i>Pleurotus</i>, Basidiomycota) and prebiotic compounds on GM composition and metabolite production in vitro, using faecal samples from autistic and non-autistic children. Specific microbial populations were enumerated after 24 h of fermentation by quantitative PCR, and the metabolic production was determined by gas chromatography. Higher levels of <i>Prevotella</i> spp. and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. were measured in neurotypical children compared to ASD children. A total of 24 h fermentation of <i>Pleurotus eryngii</i> and <i>P. ostreatus</i> mushroom powder increased the levels of <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, while known prebiotics increased the levels of total bacteria and <i>Bacteroides</i> in both groups. Only <i>P. eryngii</i> mushrooms resulted in significantly elevated levels of total bacteria <i>Bacteroides</i> and <i>Feacalibacterium prausnitzii</i> compared to the negative control (NC) in the ASD group. Both mushrooms induced elevated levels of butyrate after 24 h of fermentation, while short-chain fructooligosaccharides induced increased levels of acetate in the ASD group, compared to NC. Overall, this study highlights the positive effect of edible mushrooms on the GM and metabolic activity of children with ASD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:23:34Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:23:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-d362d77063944671ade8fd358587f18c2023-11-16T22:15:31ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-02-0111241410.3390/microorganisms11020414In Vitro Fermentation of Edible Mushrooms: Effects on Faecal Microbiota Characteristics of Autistic and Neurotypical ChildrenGeorgia Saxami0Evdokia K. Mitsou1Evangelia N. Kerezoudi2Ioanna Mavrouli3Marigoula Vlassopoulou4Georgios Koutrotsios5Konstantinos C. Mountzouris6Georgios I. Zervakis7Adamantini Kyriacou8Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, GreeceChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often suffer gastrointestinal disturbances consistent with gut microbiota (GM) alterations. Treatment with pro/prebiotics may potentially alleviate gut symptoms, but the evidence for prebiotics is scarce. This study aims to evaluate the effects of edible mushrooms (<i>Pleurotus</i>, Basidiomycota) and prebiotic compounds on GM composition and metabolite production in vitro, using faecal samples from autistic and non-autistic children. Specific microbial populations were enumerated after 24 h of fermentation by quantitative PCR, and the metabolic production was determined by gas chromatography. Higher levels of <i>Prevotella</i> spp. and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. were measured in neurotypical children compared to ASD children. A total of 24 h fermentation of <i>Pleurotus eryngii</i> and <i>P. ostreatus</i> mushroom powder increased the levels of <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, while known prebiotics increased the levels of total bacteria and <i>Bacteroides</i> in both groups. Only <i>P. eryngii</i> mushrooms resulted in significantly elevated levels of total bacteria <i>Bacteroides</i> and <i>Feacalibacterium prausnitzii</i> compared to the negative control (NC) in the ASD group. Both mushrooms induced elevated levels of butyrate after 24 h of fermentation, while short-chain fructooligosaccharides induced increased levels of acetate in the ASD group, compared to NC. Overall, this study highlights the positive effect of edible mushrooms on the GM and metabolic activity of children with ASD.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/414autism spectrum disorders<i>Pleurotus eryngii</i><i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>in vitro fermentationgut microbiota analysisshort-chain fatty acid production |
| spellingShingle | Georgia Saxami Evdokia K. Mitsou Evangelia N. Kerezoudi Ioanna Mavrouli Marigoula Vlassopoulou Georgios Koutrotsios Konstantinos C. Mountzouris Georgios I. Zervakis Adamantini Kyriacou In Vitro Fermentation of Edible Mushrooms: Effects on Faecal Microbiota Characteristics of Autistic and Neurotypical Children Microorganisms autism spectrum disorders <i>Pleurotus eryngii</i> <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> in vitro fermentation gut microbiota analysis short-chain fatty acid production |
| title | In Vitro Fermentation of Edible Mushrooms: Effects on Faecal Microbiota Characteristics of Autistic and Neurotypical Children |
| title_full | In Vitro Fermentation of Edible Mushrooms: Effects on Faecal Microbiota Characteristics of Autistic and Neurotypical Children |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Fermentation of Edible Mushrooms: Effects on Faecal Microbiota Characteristics of Autistic and Neurotypical Children |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Fermentation of Edible Mushrooms: Effects on Faecal Microbiota Characteristics of Autistic and Neurotypical Children |
| title_short | In Vitro Fermentation of Edible Mushrooms: Effects on Faecal Microbiota Characteristics of Autistic and Neurotypical Children |
| title_sort | in vitro fermentation of edible mushrooms effects on faecal microbiota characteristics of autistic and neurotypical children |
| topic | autism spectrum disorders <i>Pleurotus eryngii</i> <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> in vitro fermentation gut microbiota analysis short-chain fatty acid production |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/414 |
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