Antidepressant-Like Effects of Ethanol Extract of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill Seeds in Mice
The antidepressant-like activity of ethanol extract of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill var. <i>spinosa</i> seeds (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, SZS) was investigated by behavioral tests, such as a forced swimming test (FST), a tail-suspension test (TST), and an open field test (OFT), u...
| Glavni autori: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Članak |
| Jezik: | English |
| Izdano: |
MDPI AG
2020-10-01
|
| Serija: | Applied Sciences |
| Teme: | |
| Online pristup: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/20/7374 |
| _version_ | 1827703875766845440 |
|---|---|
| author | Jong Min Oh Moongi Ji Mi-Jin Lee Geum Seok Jeong Man-Jeong Paik Hoon Kim Joo-Won Suh |
| author_facet | Jong Min Oh Moongi Ji Mi-Jin Lee Geum Seok Jeong Man-Jeong Paik Hoon Kim Joo-Won Suh |
| author_sort | Jong Min Oh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The antidepressant-like activity of ethanol extract of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill var. <i>spinosa</i> seeds (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, SZS) was investigated by behavioral tests, such as a forced swimming test (FST), a tail-suspension test (TST), and an open field test (OFT), using mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). In the TST, immobility times of the extract-treated groups E100 and E300 (CUMS + 100 and 300 mg/kg extract, respectively) were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared with the negative control (CUMS; <i>p</i> < 0.01, though those of E100 and E300 were higher than those of the positive control (CUMS + 15 mg/kg fluoxetine). In the FST, immobility times of E100 and E300 were decreased compared to the normal control. In the OFT, total and zone distances of E100 and E300 were significantly higher than those of negative controls (<i>p</i> < 0.01) with a dose dependency. In liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis after behavioral tests, norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in the hippocampus tissues of E100 and E300 were significantly higher than those of negative controls. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus tissues of E100 and E300 were higher than those of negative controls. From these results, the SZS ethanol extract exhibited significant antidepressant-like effects via immobility decrease, distance increase, hippocampal NE and 5-HT increase, and BDNF expression. These results suggest that the extract could be a potential antidepressant agent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:27:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d368bb6f994c450485810b7009a63e21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:27:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d368bb6f994c450485810b7009a63e212023-11-20T17:56:45ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-10-011020737410.3390/app10207374Antidepressant-Like Effects of Ethanol Extract of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill Seeds in MiceJong Min Oh0Moongi Ji1Mi-Jin Lee2Geum Seok Jeong3Man-Jeong Paik4Hoon Kim5Joo-Won Suh6Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, KoreaCenter for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, KoreaCenter for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, KoreaThe antidepressant-like activity of ethanol extract of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill var. <i>spinosa</i> seeds (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, SZS) was investigated by behavioral tests, such as a forced swimming test (FST), a tail-suspension test (TST), and an open field test (OFT), using mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). In the TST, immobility times of the extract-treated groups E100 and E300 (CUMS + 100 and 300 mg/kg extract, respectively) were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared with the negative control (CUMS; <i>p</i> < 0.01, though those of E100 and E300 were higher than those of the positive control (CUMS + 15 mg/kg fluoxetine). In the FST, immobility times of E100 and E300 were decreased compared to the normal control. In the OFT, total and zone distances of E100 and E300 were significantly higher than those of negative controls (<i>p</i> < 0.01) with a dose dependency. In liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis after behavioral tests, norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in the hippocampus tissues of E100 and E300 were significantly higher than those of negative controls. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus tissues of E100 and E300 were higher than those of negative controls. From these results, the SZS ethanol extract exhibited significant antidepressant-like effects via immobility decrease, distance increase, hippocampal NE and 5-HT increase, and BDNF expression. These results suggest that the extract could be a potential antidepressant agent.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/20/7374<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill var. <i>spinosa</i>ethanol extractantidepressant-like effectCUMSFSTTST |
| spellingShingle | Jong Min Oh Moongi Ji Mi-Jin Lee Geum Seok Jeong Man-Jeong Paik Hoon Kim Joo-Won Suh Antidepressant-Like Effects of Ethanol Extract of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill Seeds in Mice Applied Sciences <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill var. <i>spinosa</i> ethanol extract antidepressant-like effect CUMS FST TST |
| title | Antidepressant-Like Effects of Ethanol Extract of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill Seeds in Mice |
| title_full | Antidepressant-Like Effects of Ethanol Extract of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill Seeds in Mice |
| title_fullStr | Antidepressant-Like Effects of Ethanol Extract of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill Seeds in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antidepressant-Like Effects of Ethanol Extract of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill Seeds in Mice |
| title_short | Antidepressant-Like Effects of Ethanol Extract of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill Seeds in Mice |
| title_sort | antidepressant like effects of ethanol extract of i ziziphus jujuba i mill seeds in mice |
| topic | <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill var. <i>spinosa</i> ethanol extract antidepressant-like effect CUMS FST TST |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/20/7374 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jongminoh antidepressantlikeeffectsofethanolextractofiziziphusjujubaimillseedsinmice AT moongiji antidepressantlikeeffectsofethanolextractofiziziphusjujubaimillseedsinmice AT mijinlee antidepressantlikeeffectsofethanolextractofiziziphusjujubaimillseedsinmice AT geumseokjeong antidepressantlikeeffectsofethanolextractofiziziphusjujubaimillseedsinmice AT manjeongpaik antidepressantlikeeffectsofethanolextractofiziziphusjujubaimillseedsinmice AT hoonkim antidepressantlikeeffectsofethanolextractofiziziphusjujubaimillseedsinmice AT joowonsuh antidepressantlikeeffectsofethanolextractofiziziphusjujubaimillseedsinmice |