Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter
Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, beta-amyloid, α-synuclein and TDP-43 neuropathology and metal solid nanoparticles (NPs) are documented in the brains of children and young adults exposed to Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) pollution. We investigated environmental NPs reaching noradrenergic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/4/164 |
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| author | Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas Angélica González-Maciel Rafael Reynoso-Robles Héctor G. Silva-Pereyra Ricardo Torres-Jardón Rafael Brito-Aguilar Alberto Ayala Elijah W. Stommel Ricardo Delgado-Chávez |
| author_facet | Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas Angélica González-Maciel Rafael Reynoso-Robles Héctor G. Silva-Pereyra Ricardo Torres-Jardón Rafael Brito-Aguilar Alberto Ayala Elijah W. Stommel Ricardo Delgado-Chávez |
| author_sort | Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, beta-amyloid, α-synuclein and TDP-43 neuropathology and metal solid nanoparticles (NPs) are documented in the brains of children and young adults exposed to Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) pollution. We investigated environmental NPs reaching noradrenergic and dopaminergic nuclei and the cerebellum and their associated ultrastructural alterations. Here, we identify NPs in the locus coeruleus (LC), substantia nigrae (SN) and cerebellum by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in 197 samples from 179 MMC residents, aged 25.9 ± 9.2 years and seven older adults aged 63 ± 14.5 years. Fe, Ti, Hg, W, Al and Zn spherical and acicular NPs were identified in the SN, LC and cerebellar neural and vascular mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, neuromelanin, heterochromatin and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) along with early and progressive neurovascular damage and cerebellar endothelial erythrophagocytosis. Strikingly, FeNPs 4 ± 1 nm and Hg NPs 8 ± 2 nm were seen predominantly in the LC and SN. Nanoparticles could serve as a common denominator for misfolded proteins and could play a role in altering and obstructing NPCs. The NPs/carbon monoxide correlation is potentially useful for evaluating early neurodegeneration risk in urbanites. Early life NP exposures pose high risk to brains for development of lethal neurologic outcomes. NP emissions sources ought to be clearly recognized, regulated, and monitored; future generations are at stake. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:28:34Z |
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| id | doaj.art-d36b4050d69f4ea282391857e9946eb0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:28:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d36b4050d69f4ea282391857e9946eb02023-12-01T21:29:27ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-03-0110416410.3390/toxics10040164Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate MatterLilian Calderón-Garcidueñas0Angélica González-Maciel1Rafael Reynoso-Robles2Héctor G. Silva-Pereyra3Ricardo Torres-Jardón4Rafael Brito-Aguilar5Alberto Ayala6Elijah W. Stommel7Ricardo Delgado-Chávez8College of Health, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USAInstituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, MexicoInstituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, MexicoInstituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, MexicoInstituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoSchool of Health Sciences, Universidad del Valle de Mexico, Mexico City 14370, MexicoSacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, Sacramento, CA 95814, USADepartment of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USAInstituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoQuadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, beta-amyloid, α-synuclein and TDP-43 neuropathology and metal solid nanoparticles (NPs) are documented in the brains of children and young adults exposed to Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) pollution. We investigated environmental NPs reaching noradrenergic and dopaminergic nuclei and the cerebellum and their associated ultrastructural alterations. Here, we identify NPs in the locus coeruleus (LC), substantia nigrae (SN) and cerebellum by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in 197 samples from 179 MMC residents, aged 25.9 ± 9.2 years and seven older adults aged 63 ± 14.5 years. Fe, Ti, Hg, W, Al and Zn spherical and acicular NPs were identified in the SN, LC and cerebellar neural and vascular mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, neuromelanin, heterochromatin and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) along with early and progressive neurovascular damage and cerebellar endothelial erythrophagocytosis. Strikingly, FeNPs 4 ± 1 nm and Hg NPs 8 ± 2 nm were seen predominantly in the LC and SN. Nanoparticles could serve as a common denominator for misfolded proteins and could play a role in altering and obstructing NPCs. The NPs/carbon monoxide correlation is potentially useful for evaluating early neurodegeneration risk in urbanites. Early life NP exposures pose high risk to brains for development of lethal neurologic outcomes. NP emissions sources ought to be clearly recognized, regulated, and monitored; future generations are at stake.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/4/164air pollutionAlzheimer’s diseasebraincerebellar endothelial erythrophagocytosisendothelial dysfunctionlocus coeruleus |
| spellingShingle | Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas Angélica González-Maciel Rafael Reynoso-Robles Héctor G. Silva-Pereyra Ricardo Torres-Jardón Rafael Brito-Aguilar Alberto Ayala Elijah W. Stommel Ricardo Delgado-Chávez Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter Toxics air pollution Alzheimer’s disease brain cerebellar endothelial erythrophagocytosis endothelial dysfunction locus coeruleus |
| title | Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter |
| title_full | Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter |
| title_fullStr | Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter |
| title_short | Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter |
| title_sort | environmentally toxic solid nanoparticles in noradrenergic and dopaminergic nuclei and cerebellum of metropolitan mexico city children and young adults with neural quadruple misfolded protein pathologies and high exposures to nano particulate matter |
| topic | air pollution Alzheimer’s disease brain cerebellar endothelial erythrophagocytosis endothelial dysfunction locus coeruleus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/4/164 |
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