Cantilever-Droplet-Based Sensing of Magnetic Particle Concentrations in Liquids
Cantilever-based sensors have attracted considerable attention in the recent past due to their enormous and endless potential and possibilities coupled with their dynamic and unprecedented sensitivity in sensing applications. In this paper, we present a technique that involves depositing and vaporiz...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4758 |
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| author | Wilson Ombati Nyang’au Andi Setiono Maik Bertke Harald Bosse Erwin Peiner |
| author_facet | Wilson Ombati Nyang’au Andi Setiono Maik Bertke Harald Bosse Erwin Peiner |
| author_sort | Wilson Ombati Nyang’au |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cantilever-based sensors have attracted considerable attention in the recent past due to their enormous and endless potential and possibilities coupled with their dynamic and unprecedented sensitivity in sensing applications. In this paper, we present a technique that involves depositing and vaporizing (at ambient conditions) a particle-laden water droplet onto a defined sensing area on in-house fabricated and commercial-based silicon microcantilever sensors. This process entailed the optimization of dispensing pressure and time to generate and realize a small water droplet volume (<i>V</i><sub>d</sub> = 49.7 ± 1.9 pL). Moreover, we monitored the water evaporation trends on the sensing surface and observed total evaporation time per droplet of 39.0 ± 1.8 s against a theoretically determined value of about 37.14 s. By using monodispersed particles in water, i.e., magnetic polystyrene particles (MPS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and adsorbing them on a dynamic cantilever sensor, the mass and number of these particles were measured and determined comparatively using resonant frequency response measurements and SEM particle count analysis, respectively. As a result, we observed and reported monolayer particles assembled on the sensor with the lowest MPS particles count of about 19 ± 2. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:58:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d36c0c3f740745bba1f6c786eb609a2f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:58:26Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-d36c0c3f740745bba1f6c786eb609a2f2022-12-22T02:55:21ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-11-011921475810.3390/s19214758s19214758Cantilever-Droplet-Based Sensing of Magnetic Particle Concentrations in LiquidsWilson Ombati Nyang’au0Andi Setiono1Maik Bertke2Harald Bosse3Erwin Peiner4Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT) and Laboratory of Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT) and Laboratory of Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT) and Laboratory of Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyPrecision Engineering Division, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), 38116 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT) and Laboratory of Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyCantilever-based sensors have attracted considerable attention in the recent past due to their enormous and endless potential and possibilities coupled with their dynamic and unprecedented sensitivity in sensing applications. In this paper, we present a technique that involves depositing and vaporizing (at ambient conditions) a particle-laden water droplet onto a defined sensing area on in-house fabricated and commercial-based silicon microcantilever sensors. This process entailed the optimization of dispensing pressure and time to generate and realize a small water droplet volume (<i>V</i><sub>d</sub> = 49.7 ± 1.9 pL). Moreover, we monitored the water evaporation trends on the sensing surface and observed total evaporation time per droplet of 39.0 ± 1.8 s against a theoretically determined value of about 37.14 s. By using monodispersed particles in water, i.e., magnetic polystyrene particles (MPS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and adsorbing them on a dynamic cantilever sensor, the mass and number of these particles were measured and determined comparatively using resonant frequency response measurements and SEM particle count analysis, respectively. As a result, we observed and reported monolayer particles assembled on the sensor with the lowest MPS particles count of about 19 ± 2.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4758microcantileverresonant frequencymagnetic polystyrene particlesdropletadsorptionmassconcentration |
| spellingShingle | Wilson Ombati Nyang’au Andi Setiono Maik Bertke Harald Bosse Erwin Peiner Cantilever-Droplet-Based Sensing of Magnetic Particle Concentrations in Liquids Sensors microcantilever resonant frequency magnetic polystyrene particles droplet adsorption mass concentration |
| title | Cantilever-Droplet-Based Sensing of Magnetic Particle Concentrations in Liquids |
| title_full | Cantilever-Droplet-Based Sensing of Magnetic Particle Concentrations in Liquids |
| title_fullStr | Cantilever-Droplet-Based Sensing of Magnetic Particle Concentrations in Liquids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cantilever-Droplet-Based Sensing of Magnetic Particle Concentrations in Liquids |
| title_short | Cantilever-Droplet-Based Sensing of Magnetic Particle Concentrations in Liquids |
| title_sort | cantilever droplet based sensing of magnetic particle concentrations in liquids |
| topic | microcantilever resonant frequency magnetic polystyrene particles droplet adsorption mass concentration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4758 |
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