The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of <i>Spirobolus bungii</i> (Diplopoda, Spirobolidae): The First Sequence for the Genus <i>Spirobolus</i>
Millipedes (Diplopoda) comprise one of the most important groups of large soil arthropods in terrestrial ecosystems; however, their phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood. Herein, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of <i>Spirobolus bungii</i> was sequenced and annotated, whi...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/9/1587 |
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| author | Hanmei Xu Yu Fang Guohua Cao Caiqin Shen Hongyi Liu Honghua Ruan |
| author_facet | Hanmei Xu Yu Fang Guohua Cao Caiqin Shen Hongyi Liu Honghua Ruan |
| author_sort | Hanmei Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Millipedes (Diplopoda) comprise one of the most important groups of large soil arthropods in terrestrial ecosystems; however, their phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood. Herein, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of <i>Spirobolus bungii</i> was sequenced and annotated, which was 14,879 bp in size and included 37 typical mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs)). Most of the 13 PCGs had ATN (AT/A/T/G) as the start codon except for COX1, which used CGA, and most PCGs ended with the T end codon. By comparing the gene arrangements of the mitogenomes among Diplopoda species, rearrangement occurred between and within orders. In contrast to <i>Narceus annularus</i>, the mitogenome genes of <i>S. bungii</i> had consistent orders but were transcribed in completely opposite directions, which was a novel finding in Spirobolidae. Moreover, the phylogenetic relationships within Diplopoda, which were based on the sequences of 13 PCGs, showed that <i>S. bungii</i> was clustered with <i>N. annularus</i>, followed by <i>Abacion magmun</i>. This indicated that there might be a close relationship between Callipodida and Spirobolida. These results could contribute to further studies on the genetics and evolutionary processes of <i>S. bungii</i> and other Diplopoda species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:56:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d37155c412f9487bb770026cf90f2fad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:56:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-d37155c412f9487bb770026cf90f2fad2023-11-23T16:24:38ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252022-09-01139158710.3390/genes13091587The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of <i>Spirobolus bungii</i> (Diplopoda, Spirobolidae): The First Sequence for the Genus <i>Spirobolus</i>Hanmei Xu0Yu Fang1Guohua Cao2Caiqin Shen3Hongyi Liu4Honghua Ruan5Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaDongtai National Forest Farm of Jiangsu Province, Dongtai 224200, ChinaDongtai National Forest Farm of Jiangsu Province, Dongtai 224200, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaMillipedes (Diplopoda) comprise one of the most important groups of large soil arthropods in terrestrial ecosystems; however, their phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood. Herein, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of <i>Spirobolus bungii</i> was sequenced and annotated, which was 14,879 bp in size and included 37 typical mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs)). Most of the 13 PCGs had ATN (AT/A/T/G) as the start codon except for COX1, which used CGA, and most PCGs ended with the T end codon. By comparing the gene arrangements of the mitogenomes among Diplopoda species, rearrangement occurred between and within orders. In contrast to <i>Narceus annularus</i>, the mitogenome genes of <i>S. bungii</i> had consistent orders but were transcribed in completely opposite directions, which was a novel finding in Spirobolidae. Moreover, the phylogenetic relationships within Diplopoda, which were based on the sequences of 13 PCGs, showed that <i>S. bungii</i> was clustered with <i>N. annularus</i>, followed by <i>Abacion magmun</i>. This indicated that there might be a close relationship between Callipodida and Spirobolida. These results could contribute to further studies on the genetics and evolutionary processes of <i>S. bungii</i> and other Diplopoda species.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/9/1587Diplopodamitochondrial DNArearrangementtranscription directionphylogenetic tree |
| spellingShingle | Hanmei Xu Yu Fang Guohua Cao Caiqin Shen Hongyi Liu Honghua Ruan The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of <i>Spirobolus bungii</i> (Diplopoda, Spirobolidae): The First Sequence for the Genus <i>Spirobolus</i> Genes Diplopoda mitochondrial DNA rearrangement transcription direction phylogenetic tree |
| title | The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of <i>Spirobolus bungii</i> (Diplopoda, Spirobolidae): The First Sequence for the Genus <i>Spirobolus</i> |
| title_full | The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of <i>Spirobolus bungii</i> (Diplopoda, Spirobolidae): The First Sequence for the Genus <i>Spirobolus</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of <i>Spirobolus bungii</i> (Diplopoda, Spirobolidae): The First Sequence for the Genus <i>Spirobolus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of <i>Spirobolus bungii</i> (Diplopoda, Spirobolidae): The First Sequence for the Genus <i>Spirobolus</i> |
| title_short | The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of <i>Spirobolus bungii</i> (Diplopoda, Spirobolidae): The First Sequence for the Genus <i>Spirobolus</i> |
| title_sort | complete mitochondrial genome of i spirobolus bungii i diplopoda spirobolidae the first sequence for the genus i spirobolus i |
| topic | Diplopoda mitochondrial DNA rearrangement transcription direction phylogenetic tree |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/9/1587 |
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