Relationship and stratification of multiple marine ecological indicators: A case study in the M2 seamount area of the Western Pacific Ocean
Seawater stratification is an important ecological indicator and typical feature in the marine environment, which is of great significance to the material cycle and distribution of organisms. In March 2016, a survey was conducted in the M2 seamount of the Western Pacific Ocean, seawater stratificati...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Ecological Indicators |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X22012778 |
| _version_ | 1797942163477102592 |
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| author | Jun Ma Xuegang Li Jinming Song Qidong Wang Lilian Wen Kuidong Xu Guorong Zhong Jiajia Dai Jianwei Xing Detong Tian |
| author_facet | Jun Ma Xuegang Li Jinming Song Qidong Wang Lilian Wen Kuidong Xu Guorong Zhong Jiajia Dai Jianwei Xing Detong Tian |
| author_sort | Jun Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Seawater stratification is an important ecological indicator and typical feature in the marine environment, which is of great significance to the material cycle and distribution of organisms. In March 2016, a survey was conducted in the M2 seamount of the Western Pacific Ocean, seawater stratification of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients, bacteria, and the impact of the M2 seamount were discussed. It is found that the seawater stratification of each parameter is obvious in this area. At the depth of 0–75 m, there is a mixed layer, and these parameters remain relatively stable; at 75–500 m, there are obvious thermocline, gradient layer of bacteria, and nutricline; at the depth deeper than 500 m, these parameters remain relatively stable. In addition, at 75–150 m, there is a high-salt zone dominated by the North Pacific Tropic Water, while at 270–1370 m, there is an oxygen minimum zone with low DO. There is a close relationship in seawater stratification of different parameters. At 75–500 m, the density gradient dominated by the thermocline limits the water exchange, then directly controls the gradient layer of DO, nutrients, and bacteria. Additionally, the double actions of the high-salt zone and thermocline affect the stratification of other parameters. At 0–75 m, due to the abundant DO, sufficient carbon source, and low nutrients, the bacteria could grow largely, while at 75–500 m, bacteria could consume a large amount of DO to decompose organic matter, leading to a decrease in DO and an increase of nutrients. Although the M2 seamount is a shallow seamount, there is no upwelling around it, which weakly influences the seawater stratification of different parameters. This study will provide a new perspective on seawater stratification and its ecological effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:02:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d37f69cfae18482dbd575338d8c0f66d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1470-160X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:02:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecological Indicators |
| spelling | doaj.art-d37f69cfae18482dbd575338d8c0f66d2023-01-27T04:19:13ZengElsevierEcological Indicators1470-160X2023-02-01146109804Relationship and stratification of multiple marine ecological indicators: A case study in the M2 seamount area of the Western Pacific OceanJun Ma0Xuegang Li1Jinming Song2Qidong Wang3Lilian Wen4Kuidong Xu5Guorong Zhong6Jiajia Dai7Jianwei Xing8Detong Tian9Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Corresponding authors.Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Corresponding authors.Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, ChinaSeawater stratification is an important ecological indicator and typical feature in the marine environment, which is of great significance to the material cycle and distribution of organisms. In March 2016, a survey was conducted in the M2 seamount of the Western Pacific Ocean, seawater stratification of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients, bacteria, and the impact of the M2 seamount were discussed. It is found that the seawater stratification of each parameter is obvious in this area. At the depth of 0–75 m, there is a mixed layer, and these parameters remain relatively stable; at 75–500 m, there are obvious thermocline, gradient layer of bacteria, and nutricline; at the depth deeper than 500 m, these parameters remain relatively stable. In addition, at 75–150 m, there is a high-salt zone dominated by the North Pacific Tropic Water, while at 270–1370 m, there is an oxygen minimum zone with low DO. There is a close relationship in seawater stratification of different parameters. At 75–500 m, the density gradient dominated by the thermocline limits the water exchange, then directly controls the gradient layer of DO, nutrients, and bacteria. Additionally, the double actions of the high-salt zone and thermocline affect the stratification of other parameters. At 0–75 m, due to the abundant DO, sufficient carbon source, and low nutrients, the bacteria could grow largely, while at 75–500 m, bacteria could consume a large amount of DO to decompose organic matter, leading to a decrease in DO and an increase of nutrients. Although the M2 seamount is a shallow seamount, there is no upwelling around it, which weakly influences the seawater stratification of different parameters. This study will provide a new perspective on seawater stratification and its ecological effects.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X22012778Seawater stratificationSeamountWestern Pacific OceanEcological effects |
| spellingShingle | Jun Ma Xuegang Li Jinming Song Qidong Wang Lilian Wen Kuidong Xu Guorong Zhong Jiajia Dai Jianwei Xing Detong Tian Relationship and stratification of multiple marine ecological indicators: A case study in the M2 seamount area of the Western Pacific Ocean Ecological Indicators Seawater stratification Seamount Western Pacific Ocean Ecological effects |
| title | Relationship and stratification of multiple marine ecological indicators: A case study in the M2 seamount area of the Western Pacific Ocean |
| title_full | Relationship and stratification of multiple marine ecological indicators: A case study in the M2 seamount area of the Western Pacific Ocean |
| title_fullStr | Relationship and stratification of multiple marine ecological indicators: A case study in the M2 seamount area of the Western Pacific Ocean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationship and stratification of multiple marine ecological indicators: A case study in the M2 seamount area of the Western Pacific Ocean |
| title_short | Relationship and stratification of multiple marine ecological indicators: A case study in the M2 seamount area of the Western Pacific Ocean |
| title_sort | relationship and stratification of multiple marine ecological indicators a case study in the m2 seamount area of the western pacific ocean |
| topic | Seawater stratification Seamount Western Pacific Ocean Ecological effects |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X22012778 |
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