Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet and a Single Bout of Exercise on Glucose Tolerance, Lipid Profile and Endothelial Function in Normal Weight Young Healthy Females
Low-carbohydrate-high-fat (LCHF) diets are efficient for weight loss, and are also used by healthy people to maintain bodyweight. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3-week energy-balanced LCHF-diet, with >75 percentage energy (E%) from fat, on glucose tolerance and li...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.01499/full |
| _version_ | 1818420647196360704 |
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| author | Thorhildur Ditta Valsdottir Thorhildur Ditta Valsdottir Christine Henriksen Nancy Odden Birgitte Nellemann Per B. Jeppesen Jonny Hisdal Ane C. Westerberg Ane C. Westerberg Jørgen Jensen |
| author_facet | Thorhildur Ditta Valsdottir Thorhildur Ditta Valsdottir Christine Henriksen Nancy Odden Birgitte Nellemann Per B. Jeppesen Jonny Hisdal Ane C. Westerberg Ane C. Westerberg Jørgen Jensen |
| author_sort | Thorhildur Ditta Valsdottir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low-carbohydrate-high-fat (LCHF) diets are efficient for weight loss, and are also used by healthy people to maintain bodyweight. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3-week energy-balanced LCHF-diet, with >75 percentage energy (E%) from fat, on glucose tolerance and lipid profile in normal weight, young, healthy women. The second aim of the study was to investigate if a bout of exercise would prevent any negative effect of LCHF-diet on glucose tolerance. Seventeen females participated, age 23.5 ± 0.5 years; body mass index 21.0 ± 0.4 kg/m2, with a mean dietary intake of 78 ± 1 E% fat, 19 ± 1 E% protein and 3 ± 0 E% carbohydrates. Measurements were performed at baseline and post-intervention. Fasting glucose decreased from 4.7 ± 0.1 to 4.4 mmol/L (p < 0.001) during the dietary intervention whereas fasting insulin was unaffected. Glucose area under the curve (AUC) and insulin AUC did not change during an OGTT after the intervention. Before the intervention, a bout of aerobic exercise reduced fasting glucose (4.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and glucose AUC (739 ± 41 to 661 ± 25, p = 0.008) during OGTT the following morning. After the intervention, exercise did not reduce fasting glucose the following morning, and glucose AUC during an OGTT increased compared to the day before (789 ± 43 to 889 ± 40 mmol/L∙120min–1, p = 0.001). AUC for insulin was unaffected. The dietary intervention increased total cholesterol (p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (p ≤ 0.001), high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.011), triglycerides (p = 0.035), and free fatty acids (p = 0.021). In conclusion, 3-week LCHF-diet reduced fasting glucose, while glucose tolerance was unaffected. A bout of exercise post-intervention did not decrease AUC glucose as it did at baseline. Total cholesterol increased, mainly due to increments in low-density lipoprotein. LCHF-diets should be further evaluated and carefully considered for healthy individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:57:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3835bbf3686415f868ffb6ce81951b8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:57:47Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3835bbf3686415f868ffb6ce81951b82022-12-21T23:00:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2019-12-011010.3389/fphys.2019.01499431676Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet and a Single Bout of Exercise on Glucose Tolerance, Lipid Profile and Endothelial Function in Normal Weight Young Healthy FemalesThorhildur Ditta Valsdottir0Thorhildur Ditta Valsdottir1Christine Henriksen2Nancy Odden3Birgitte Nellemann4Per B. Jeppesen5Jonny Hisdal6Ane C. Westerberg7Ane C. Westerberg8Jørgen Jensen9Department of Medicine, Atlantis Medical University College, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Nutrition, Atlantis Medical University College, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkOslo Vascular Center, Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Nutrition, Atlantis Medical University College, Oslo, NorwayInstitute of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NorwayLow-carbohydrate-high-fat (LCHF) diets are efficient for weight loss, and are also used by healthy people to maintain bodyweight. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3-week energy-balanced LCHF-diet, with >75 percentage energy (E%) from fat, on glucose tolerance and lipid profile in normal weight, young, healthy women. The second aim of the study was to investigate if a bout of exercise would prevent any negative effect of LCHF-diet on glucose tolerance. Seventeen females participated, age 23.5 ± 0.5 years; body mass index 21.0 ± 0.4 kg/m2, with a mean dietary intake of 78 ± 1 E% fat, 19 ± 1 E% protein and 3 ± 0 E% carbohydrates. Measurements were performed at baseline and post-intervention. Fasting glucose decreased from 4.7 ± 0.1 to 4.4 mmol/L (p < 0.001) during the dietary intervention whereas fasting insulin was unaffected. Glucose area under the curve (AUC) and insulin AUC did not change during an OGTT after the intervention. Before the intervention, a bout of aerobic exercise reduced fasting glucose (4.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and glucose AUC (739 ± 41 to 661 ± 25, p = 0.008) during OGTT the following morning. After the intervention, exercise did not reduce fasting glucose the following morning, and glucose AUC during an OGTT increased compared to the day before (789 ± 43 to 889 ± 40 mmol/L∙120min–1, p = 0.001). AUC for insulin was unaffected. The dietary intervention increased total cholesterol (p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (p ≤ 0.001), high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.011), triglycerides (p = 0.035), and free fatty acids (p = 0.021). In conclusion, 3-week LCHF-diet reduced fasting glucose, while glucose tolerance was unaffected. A bout of exercise post-intervention did not decrease AUC glucose as it did at baseline. Total cholesterol increased, mainly due to increments in low-density lipoprotein. LCHF-diets should be further evaluated and carefully considered for healthy individuals.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.01499/fulllow-carbohydrate diethigh-fat dietglucose tolerancecholesterolexercisesuPAR |
| spellingShingle | Thorhildur Ditta Valsdottir Thorhildur Ditta Valsdottir Christine Henriksen Nancy Odden Birgitte Nellemann Per B. Jeppesen Jonny Hisdal Ane C. Westerberg Ane C. Westerberg Jørgen Jensen Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet and a Single Bout of Exercise on Glucose Tolerance, Lipid Profile and Endothelial Function in Normal Weight Young Healthy Females Frontiers in Physiology low-carbohydrate diet high-fat diet glucose tolerance cholesterol exercise suPAR |
| title | Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet and a Single Bout of Exercise on Glucose Tolerance, Lipid Profile and Endothelial Function in Normal Weight Young Healthy Females |
| title_full | Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet and a Single Bout of Exercise on Glucose Tolerance, Lipid Profile and Endothelial Function in Normal Weight Young Healthy Females |
| title_fullStr | Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet and a Single Bout of Exercise on Glucose Tolerance, Lipid Profile and Endothelial Function in Normal Weight Young Healthy Females |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet and a Single Bout of Exercise on Glucose Tolerance, Lipid Profile and Endothelial Function in Normal Weight Young Healthy Females |
| title_short | Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet and a Single Bout of Exercise on Glucose Tolerance, Lipid Profile and Endothelial Function in Normal Weight Young Healthy Females |
| title_sort | effect of a low carbohydrate high fat diet and a single bout of exercise on glucose tolerance lipid profile and endothelial function in normal weight young healthy females |
| topic | low-carbohydrate diet high-fat diet glucose tolerance cholesterol exercise suPAR |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.01499/full |
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