Prompt Enhancements of Radiation Belt Electrons over a Wide Energy Range Based on Phase Space Density Variations: A Detailed Case Study
Based on Van Allen Probes observations, we report a prompt enhancement event of radiation belt electrons over a wide energy range from tens of keV to multiple meV spanning 2013 January 13–15. During this period, we also observe prolonged moderate substorm activities and intense whistler-mode chorus...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca4c7 |
| _version_ | 1797702107526070272 |
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| author | Xiaoyu Wang Xing Cao Xudong Gu Binbin Ni Xin Ma Taorong Luo Deyu Guo |
| author_facet | Xiaoyu Wang Xing Cao Xudong Gu Binbin Ni Xin Ma Taorong Luo Deyu Guo |
| author_sort | Xiaoyu Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Based on Van Allen Probes observations, we report a prompt enhancement event of radiation belt electrons over a wide energy range from tens of keV to multiple meV spanning 2013 January 13–15. During this period, we also observe prolonged moderate substorm activities and intense whistler-mode chorus emissions. To differentiate the underlying mechanisms responsible for this prompt electron enhancement process, we investigate in detail the evolution of electron phase space densities (PSDs) for various values of the first and second adiabatic invariants ( μ and K ). The results show that tens to hundreds of keV electrons rapidly penetrated to L * < 4 during the substorm period, with the corresponding PSDs increasing by more than 3 orders of magnitude within about 1 day. Comparatively, the PSD enhancements of higher energy electrons are less significant and shift to higher L *. We find that the fast acceleration of hundreds of keV seed electrons to multi-meV electrons may be reasonably attributed to interactions with the concurrent chorus waves. Specifically, the electron PSD increases for μ ≥ 300 MeV G ^−1 become less pronounced as K increases, consistent with the pitch angle dependence of chorus-induced electron energy diffusion at high energies. Our results therefore provide clear observational evidence for the combined effect of substorm-induced injection and chorus wave scattering on the prompt enhancements of radiation belt electrons over a wide energy range within a couple of days. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:45:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d394486d9459458ca838a6454b081dfd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:45:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-d394486d9459458ca838a6454b081dfd2023-09-03T09:29:24ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0194213010.3847/1538-4357/aca4c7Prompt Enhancements of Radiation Belt Electrons over a Wide Energy Range Based on Phase Space Density Variations: A Detailed Case StudyXiaoyu Wang0Xing Cao1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4758-0500Xudong Gu2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-9562Binbin Ni3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-0728Xin Ma4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9098-3095Taorong Luo5Deyu Guo6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5059-5717Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University , Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ; cxing@whu.edu.cn, guxudong@whu.edu.cnDepartment of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University , Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ; cxing@whu.edu.cn, guxudong@whu.edu.cnDepartment of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University , Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ; cxing@whu.edu.cn, guxudong@whu.edu.cnDepartment of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University , Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ; cxing@whu.edu.cn, guxudong@whu.edu.cn; CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology , Hefei, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University , Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ; cxing@whu.edu.cn, guxudong@whu.edu.cnDepartment of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University , Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ; cxing@whu.edu.cn, guxudong@whu.edu.cnDepartment of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University , Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ; cxing@whu.edu.cn, guxudong@whu.edu.cnBased on Van Allen Probes observations, we report a prompt enhancement event of radiation belt electrons over a wide energy range from tens of keV to multiple meV spanning 2013 January 13–15. During this period, we also observe prolonged moderate substorm activities and intense whistler-mode chorus emissions. To differentiate the underlying mechanisms responsible for this prompt electron enhancement process, we investigate in detail the evolution of electron phase space densities (PSDs) for various values of the first and second adiabatic invariants ( μ and K ). The results show that tens to hundreds of keV electrons rapidly penetrated to L * < 4 during the substorm period, with the corresponding PSDs increasing by more than 3 orders of magnitude within about 1 day. Comparatively, the PSD enhancements of higher energy electrons are less significant and shift to higher L *. We find that the fast acceleration of hundreds of keV seed electrons to multi-meV electrons may be reasonably attributed to interactions with the concurrent chorus waves. Specifically, the electron PSD increases for μ ≥ 300 MeV G ^−1 become less pronounced as K increases, consistent with the pitch angle dependence of chorus-induced electron energy diffusion at high energies. Our results therefore provide clear observational evidence for the combined effect of substorm-induced injection and chorus wave scattering on the prompt enhancements of radiation belt electrons over a wide energy range within a couple of days.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca4c7Van Allen radiation beltsDynamical evolutionPlasma physics |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoyu Wang Xing Cao Xudong Gu Binbin Ni Xin Ma Taorong Luo Deyu Guo Prompt Enhancements of Radiation Belt Electrons over a Wide Energy Range Based on Phase Space Density Variations: A Detailed Case Study The Astrophysical Journal Van Allen radiation belts Dynamical evolution Plasma physics |
| title | Prompt Enhancements of Radiation Belt Electrons over a Wide Energy Range Based on Phase Space Density Variations: A Detailed Case Study |
| title_full | Prompt Enhancements of Radiation Belt Electrons over a Wide Energy Range Based on Phase Space Density Variations: A Detailed Case Study |
| title_fullStr | Prompt Enhancements of Radiation Belt Electrons over a Wide Energy Range Based on Phase Space Density Variations: A Detailed Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prompt Enhancements of Radiation Belt Electrons over a Wide Energy Range Based on Phase Space Density Variations: A Detailed Case Study |
| title_short | Prompt Enhancements of Radiation Belt Electrons over a Wide Energy Range Based on Phase Space Density Variations: A Detailed Case Study |
| title_sort | prompt enhancements of radiation belt electrons over a wide energy range based on phase space density variations a detailed case study |
| topic | Van Allen radiation belts Dynamical evolution Plasma physics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca4c7 |
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