Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter as a Tracer of Fecal Contamination for Bathing Water Quality Monitoring in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (Latium, Italy)
Dissolved organic matter present in natural aquatic environments is a heterogeneous mixture of allochthonous and autochthonous materials. In coastal areas vulnerable to sewage waste, its biologically active component, the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), is expected to change its compos...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/6/430 |
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| author | Alice Madonia Gabriella Caruso Daniele Piazzolla Simone Bonamano Viviana Piermattei Giuseppe Zappalà Marco Marcelli |
| author_facet | Alice Madonia Gabriella Caruso Daniele Piazzolla Simone Bonamano Viviana Piermattei Giuseppe Zappalà Marco Marcelli |
| author_sort | Alice Madonia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dissolved organic matter present in natural aquatic environments is a heterogeneous mixture of allochthonous and autochthonous materials. In coastal areas vulnerable to sewage waste, its biologically active component, the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), is expected to change its composition and distribution in relation to anthropogenic activities, suggesting the possible use of CDOM as a proxy of fecal contamination. This study aimed at testing such hypothesis by investigating and relating the optical properties of CDOM with <i>Escherichia coli</i> abundance, physiological state, and enzymatic activities in a bathing area of the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (Latium, Italy) affected by urban wastewaters. The parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) applied to the excitation–emission matrices (EEMs) of CDOM allowed us to distinguish three main components: C1 (λ<sub>Ex</sub>/λ<sub>Em</sub> = 342 nm/435 nm), C2 (λ<sub>Ex</sub>/λ<sub>Em</sub> = 281–373 nm/460 nm), and C3 (λ<sub>Ex</sub>/λ<sub>Em</sub> = 286 nm/360 nm). C1 and C2 corresponded to humic acids of terrestrial origin, while C3 to tryptophan, whose fluorescence peak was detected close to sewage sites, strongly related to active <i>E. coli</i> cells. The comparison between spectral and microbiological methods is suggested as a suitable approach to monitor bathing water quality for the implementation of coastal observing system capability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:14:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3a5fefdbb244cd294aa48956b8e8c54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:14:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3a5fefdbb244cd294aa48956b8e8c542023-11-20T03:34:41ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122020-06-018643010.3390/jmse8060430Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter as a Tracer of Fecal Contamination for Bathing Water Quality Monitoring in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (Latium, Italy)Alice Madonia0Gabriella Caruso1Daniele Piazzolla2Simone Bonamano3Viviana Piermattei4Giuseppe Zappalà5Marco Marcelli6Laboratory of Experimental Oceanology and Marine Ecology, DEB, Università Degli Studi della Tuscia, Port of Civitavecchia, 00053 Civitavecchia (RM), ItalyInstitute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Oceanology and Marine Ecology, DEB, Università Degli Studi della Tuscia, Port of Civitavecchia, 00053 Civitavecchia (RM), ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Oceanology and Marine Ecology, DEB, Università Degli Studi della Tuscia, Port of Civitavecchia, 00053 Civitavecchia (RM), ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Oceanology and Marine Ecology, DEB, Università Degli Studi della Tuscia, Port of Civitavecchia, 00053 Civitavecchia (RM), ItalyInstitute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Oceanology and Marine Ecology, DEB, Università Degli Studi della Tuscia, Port of Civitavecchia, 00053 Civitavecchia (RM), ItalyDissolved organic matter present in natural aquatic environments is a heterogeneous mixture of allochthonous and autochthonous materials. In coastal areas vulnerable to sewage waste, its biologically active component, the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), is expected to change its composition and distribution in relation to anthropogenic activities, suggesting the possible use of CDOM as a proxy of fecal contamination. This study aimed at testing such hypothesis by investigating and relating the optical properties of CDOM with <i>Escherichia coli</i> abundance, physiological state, and enzymatic activities in a bathing area of the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (Latium, Italy) affected by urban wastewaters. The parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) applied to the excitation–emission matrices (EEMs) of CDOM allowed us to distinguish three main components: C1 (λ<sub>Ex</sub>/λ<sub>Em</sub> = 342 nm/435 nm), C2 (λ<sub>Ex</sub>/λ<sub>Em</sub> = 281–373 nm/460 nm), and C3 (λ<sub>Ex</sub>/λ<sub>Em</sub> = 286 nm/360 nm). C1 and C2 corresponded to humic acids of terrestrial origin, while C3 to tryptophan, whose fluorescence peak was detected close to sewage sites, strongly related to active <i>E. coli</i> cells. The comparison between spectral and microbiological methods is suggested as a suitable approach to monitor bathing water quality for the implementation of coastal observing system capability.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/6/430CDOMfecal contamination<i>Escherichia coli</i>bathing watersenzyme activitiescoastal observing systems |
| spellingShingle | Alice Madonia Gabriella Caruso Daniele Piazzolla Simone Bonamano Viviana Piermattei Giuseppe Zappalà Marco Marcelli Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter as a Tracer of Fecal Contamination for Bathing Water Quality Monitoring in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (Latium, Italy) Journal of Marine Science and Engineering CDOM fecal contamination <i>Escherichia coli</i> bathing waters enzyme activities coastal observing systems |
| title | Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter as a Tracer of Fecal Contamination for Bathing Water Quality Monitoring in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (Latium, Italy) |
| title_full | Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter as a Tracer of Fecal Contamination for Bathing Water Quality Monitoring in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (Latium, Italy) |
| title_fullStr | Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter as a Tracer of Fecal Contamination for Bathing Water Quality Monitoring in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (Latium, Italy) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter as a Tracer of Fecal Contamination for Bathing Water Quality Monitoring in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (Latium, Italy) |
| title_short | Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter as a Tracer of Fecal Contamination for Bathing Water Quality Monitoring in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (Latium, Italy) |
| title_sort | chromophoric dissolved organic matter as a tracer of fecal contamination for bathing water quality monitoring in the northern tyrrhenian sea latium italy |
| topic | CDOM fecal contamination <i>Escherichia coli</i> bathing waters enzyme activities coastal observing systems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/6/430 |
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