Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz Forces
This paper includes a numerical investigation of a hybrid fluid containing 4% of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Cu nanoparticles in a lid-driven container. The upper wall of the container has a high temperature and is movable. The lower wall is cool and wavy. An obstacle is set...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/13/2206 |
| _version_ | 1797408530694668288 |
|---|---|
| author | Apichit Maneengam Houssem Laidoudi Aissa Abderrahmane Ghulam Rasool Kamel Guedri Wajaree Weera Obai Younis Belgacem Bouallegue |
| author_facet | Apichit Maneengam Houssem Laidoudi Aissa Abderrahmane Ghulam Rasool Kamel Guedri Wajaree Weera Obai Younis Belgacem Bouallegue |
| author_sort | Apichit Maneengam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper includes a numerical investigation of a hybrid fluid containing 4% of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Cu nanoparticles in a lid-driven container. The upper wall of the container has a high temperature and is movable. The lower wall is cool and wavy. An obstacle is set in the middle of the container for its effect on thermal activity. The medium is permeable to the fluid, and the entire system is immersed in a fixed-effect magnetic field. The digital simulation is achieved using the technique of Galerkin finite element (GFEM) which solves the differential equations. This investigation aims to know the pattern of heat transfer between the lateral walls and the lower wall of the container through the intervention of a set of conditions and criteria, namely: the strength of the magnetic field changes in the range of (Ha = 0 to 100); the chamber porosity varies in the range of (Da = 10<sup>−5</sup> to 10<sup>−2</sup>); the strength of buoyancy force is varied according to the Grashof number (Gr = 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>4</sup>); the cross-section of the baffle includes the following shapes—elliptical, square, triangular and circular; the surface of the lower wall contains waves; and the number changes (N = 2 to 8). Through this research, it was concluded that the triangular shape of the baffle is the best in terms of thermal activity. Also, increasing the number of lower-wall waves reduces thermal activity. For example, the change in the shape of the obstacle from the elliptical to triangular raises the value of Nu number at a rate of 15.54% for Ha = 0, N = 8, and Gr = 10<sup>4</sup>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:00:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3b14c94aa784ee1b61f9be1ee7579ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:00:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3b14c94aa784ee1b61f9be1ee7579ac2023-12-03T14:14:52ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-06-011213220610.3390/nano12132206Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz ForcesApichit Maneengam0Houssem Laidoudi1Aissa Abderrahmane2Ghulam Rasool3Kamel Guedri4Wajaree Weera5Obai Younis6Belgacem Bouallegue7Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, ThailandLaborarory of Sciences and Marine Engineering (LSIM), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, USTO-MB, El-Menaouer, Oran 31000, AlgeriaLaboratoire de Physique Quantique de la Matière et Modélisation Mathématique (LPQ3M), University of Mascara, Mascara 29000, AlgeriaInstitute of Intelligent Machinery, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, ChinaMechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 5555, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addwaser 11991, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaThis paper includes a numerical investigation of a hybrid fluid containing 4% of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Cu nanoparticles in a lid-driven container. The upper wall of the container has a high temperature and is movable. The lower wall is cool and wavy. An obstacle is set in the middle of the container for its effect on thermal activity. The medium is permeable to the fluid, and the entire system is immersed in a fixed-effect magnetic field. The digital simulation is achieved using the technique of Galerkin finite element (GFEM) which solves the differential equations. This investigation aims to know the pattern of heat transfer between the lateral walls and the lower wall of the container through the intervention of a set of conditions and criteria, namely: the strength of the magnetic field changes in the range of (Ha = 0 to 100); the chamber porosity varies in the range of (Da = 10<sup>−5</sup> to 10<sup>−2</sup>); the strength of buoyancy force is varied according to the Grashof number (Gr = 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>4</sup>); the cross-section of the baffle includes the following shapes—elliptical, square, triangular and circular; the surface of the lower wall contains waves; and the number changes (N = 2 to 8). Through this research, it was concluded that the triangular shape of the baffle is the best in terms of thermal activity. Also, increasing the number of lower-wall waves reduces thermal activity. For example, the change in the shape of the obstacle from the elliptical to triangular raises the value of Nu number at a rate of 15.54% for Ha = 0, N = 8, and Gr = 10<sup>4</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/13/2206entropy generationmixed convectionhybrid nanofluidssteady-stateheat transfer |
| spellingShingle | Apichit Maneengam Houssem Laidoudi Aissa Abderrahmane Ghulam Rasool Kamel Guedri Wajaree Weera Obai Younis Belgacem Bouallegue Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz Forces Nanomaterials entropy generation mixed convection hybrid nanofluids steady-state heat transfer |
| title | Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz Forces |
| title_full | Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz Forces |
| title_fullStr | Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz Forces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz Forces |
| title_short | Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz Forces |
| title_sort | entropy generation in 2d lid driven porous container with the presence of obstacles of different shapes and under the influences of buoyancy and lorentz forces |
| topic | entropy generation mixed convection hybrid nanofluids steady-state heat transfer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/13/2206 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT apichitmaneengam entropygenerationin2dliddrivenporouscontainerwiththepresenceofobstaclesofdifferentshapesandundertheinfluencesofbuoyancyandlorentzforces AT houssemlaidoudi entropygenerationin2dliddrivenporouscontainerwiththepresenceofobstaclesofdifferentshapesandundertheinfluencesofbuoyancyandlorentzforces AT aissaabderrahmane entropygenerationin2dliddrivenporouscontainerwiththepresenceofobstaclesofdifferentshapesandundertheinfluencesofbuoyancyandlorentzforces AT ghulamrasool entropygenerationin2dliddrivenporouscontainerwiththepresenceofobstaclesofdifferentshapesandundertheinfluencesofbuoyancyandlorentzforces AT kamelguedri entropygenerationin2dliddrivenporouscontainerwiththepresenceofobstaclesofdifferentshapesandundertheinfluencesofbuoyancyandlorentzforces AT wajareeweera entropygenerationin2dliddrivenporouscontainerwiththepresenceofobstaclesofdifferentshapesandundertheinfluencesofbuoyancyandlorentzforces AT obaiyounis entropygenerationin2dliddrivenporouscontainerwiththepresenceofobstaclesofdifferentshapesandundertheinfluencesofbuoyancyandlorentzforces AT belgacembouallegue entropygenerationin2dliddrivenporouscontainerwiththepresenceofobstaclesofdifferentshapesandundertheinfluencesofbuoyancyandlorentzforces |