Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all domains of life, ranging from bacteria, plants and animals, including humans. The importance of ROS for macrophage-mediated im...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/2/313 |
| _version_ | 1797396012448350208 |
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| author | Marc Herb Michael Schramm |
| author_facet | Marc Herb Michael Schramm |
| author_sort | Marc Herb |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all domains of life, ranging from bacteria, plants and animals, including humans. The importance of ROS for macrophage-mediated immunity is unquestioned. Their functions comprise direct antimicrobial activity against bacteria and parasites as well as redox-regulation of immune signaling and induction of inflammasome activation. However, only a few studies have performed in-depth ROS analyses and even fewer have identified the precise redox-regulated target molecules. In this review, we will give a brief introduction to ROS and their sources in macrophages, summarize the versatile roles of ROS in direct and indirect antimicrobial immune defense, and provide an overview of commonly used ROS probes, scavengers and inhibitors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:44:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3b525f0c15b4fc6b22b0d2f44e96cad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:44:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3b525f0c15b4fc6b22b0d2f44e96cad2023-12-11T17:40:11ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-02-0110231310.3390/antiox10020313Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial ImmunityMarc Herb0Michael Schramm1Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, GermanyFaculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, GermanyReactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all domains of life, ranging from bacteria, plants and animals, including humans. The importance of ROS for macrophage-mediated immunity is unquestioned. Their functions comprise direct antimicrobial activity against bacteria and parasites as well as redox-regulation of immune signaling and induction of inflammasome activation. However, only a few studies have performed in-depth ROS analyses and even fewer have identified the precise redox-regulated target molecules. In this review, we will give a brief introduction to ROS and their sources in macrophages, summarize the versatile roles of ROS in direct and indirect antimicrobial immune defense, and provide an overview of commonly used ROS probes, scavengers and inhibitors.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/2/313macrophagesreactive oxygen speciesmitochondriaNADPH oxidasesinfectionredox signaling |
| spellingShingle | Marc Herb Michael Schramm Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity Antioxidants macrophages reactive oxygen species mitochondria NADPH oxidases infection redox signaling |
| title | Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity |
| title_full | Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity |
| title_fullStr | Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity |
| title_short | Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity |
| title_sort | functions of ros in macrophages and antimicrobial immunity |
| topic | macrophages reactive oxygen species mitochondria NADPH oxidases infection redox signaling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/2/313 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marcherb functionsofrosinmacrophagesandantimicrobialimmunity AT michaelschramm functionsofrosinmacrophagesandantimicrobialimmunity |