Clinical Features of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Systematic Review
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory liver disease wherein the body’s immune system instigates an attack on the liver, causing inflammation and hepatic impairment. This disease usually manifests in genetically predisposed individuals and is triggered by stimuli or environments such as viral...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/11/2/80 |
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| author | Hao Zhou Qing Ye |
| author_facet | Hao Zhou Qing Ye |
| author_sort | Hao Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory liver disease wherein the body’s immune system instigates an attack on the liver, causing inflammation and hepatic impairment. This disease usually manifests in genetically predisposed individuals and is triggered by stimuli or environments such as viral infections, environmental toxins, and drugs. The causal role of COVID-19 vaccination in AIH remains uncertain. This review of 39 cases of vaccine-related AIH indicates that female patients above the age of 50 years or those with potential AIH risk factors may be susceptible to vaccine-related AIH, and the clinical features of vaccine-associated AIH are similar to those of idiopathic AIH. These features commonly manifest in patients after the first dose of vaccination, with symptom onset typically delayed by 10–14 days. The incidence of underlying liver disease in patients with potential health conditions associated to liver disease is similar to that of patients without preexisting illnesses. Steroid administration is effective in treating vaccine-related AIH-susceptible patients, with most patients experiencing improvement in their clinical symptoms. However, care should be taken to prevent bacterial infections during drug administration. Furthermore, the possible pathogenic mechanisms of vaccine-associated AIH are discussed to offer potential ideas for vaccine development and enhancement. Although the incidence of vaccine-related AIH is rare, individuals should not be deterred from receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, as the benefits of vaccination significantly outweigh the risks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:35:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3c222127f5e45a79271bab40c5fad94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9721 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:35:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3c222127f5e45a79271bab40c5fad942023-11-18T10:02:06ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212023-05-011128010.3390/diseases11020080Clinical Features of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Systematic ReviewHao Zhou0Qing Ye1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory liver disease wherein the body’s immune system instigates an attack on the liver, causing inflammation and hepatic impairment. This disease usually manifests in genetically predisposed individuals and is triggered by stimuli or environments such as viral infections, environmental toxins, and drugs. The causal role of COVID-19 vaccination in AIH remains uncertain. This review of 39 cases of vaccine-related AIH indicates that female patients above the age of 50 years or those with potential AIH risk factors may be susceptible to vaccine-related AIH, and the clinical features of vaccine-associated AIH are similar to those of idiopathic AIH. These features commonly manifest in patients after the first dose of vaccination, with symptom onset typically delayed by 10–14 days. The incidence of underlying liver disease in patients with potential health conditions associated to liver disease is similar to that of patients without preexisting illnesses. Steroid administration is effective in treating vaccine-related AIH-susceptible patients, with most patients experiencing improvement in their clinical symptoms. However, care should be taken to prevent bacterial infections during drug administration. Furthermore, the possible pathogenic mechanisms of vaccine-associated AIH are discussed to offer potential ideas for vaccine development and enhancement. Although the incidence of vaccine-related AIH is rare, individuals should not be deterred from receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, as the benefits of vaccination significantly outweigh the risks.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/11/2/80autoimmune hepatitisCOVID-19 vaccinationliver |
| spellingShingle | Hao Zhou Qing Ye Clinical Features of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Systematic Review Diseases autoimmune hepatitis COVID-19 vaccination liver |
| title | Clinical Features of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Clinical Features of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Clinical Features of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Features of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Clinical Features of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | clinical features of covid 19 vaccine associated autoimmune hepatitis a systematic review |
| topic | autoimmune hepatitis COVID-19 vaccination liver |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/11/2/80 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT haozhou clinicalfeaturesofcovid19vaccineassociatedautoimmunehepatitisasystematicreview AT qingye clinicalfeaturesofcovid19vaccineassociatedautoimmunehepatitisasystematicreview |