Bioprocess Optimization for the Production of <i>Arthrospira</i> (Spirulina) <i>platensis</i> Biomass Enriched in the Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase
The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is gaining interest because it exerts bioactive properties and may be a potentially important therapeutic agent for many disorders and diseases. Microalgae are considered an important novel source for the production of diverse bio-compounds and are gaining momen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/8/10/142 |
| _version_ | 1797515318280585216 |
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| author | Giorgos Markou |
| author_facet | Giorgos Markou |
| author_sort | Giorgos Markou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is gaining interest because it exerts bioactive properties and may be a potentially important therapeutic agent for many disorders and diseases. Microalgae are considered an important novel source for the production of diverse bio-compounds and are gaining momentum as functional foods/feeds supplements. So far, studies for the production of ALP are limited to mammalian and partly to some heterotrophic microbial sources after its extraction and/or purification. <b>Methods:</b> <i>Arthrospira</i> was cultivated under P-limitation bioprocess and the effect of the P-limitation degree on the ALP enrichment was studied. The aim of this work was to optimize the cultivation of the edible and generally-recognized-as-safe (GRAS) cyanobacterium <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> for the production of single-cell (SC) biomass enriched in ALP as a potential novel functional diet supplement. <b>Results:</b> The results revealed that the relationship between intracellular-P and single-cell alkaline phosphatase (SC-ALP) activity was inverse; SC-ALP activity was the highest (around 50 U g<sup>−1</sup>) when intracellular-P was the lowest possible (around 1.7 mg-P g<sup>−1</sup>) and decreased gradually as P availability increased reaching around 0.5 U g<sup>−1</sup> in the control cultures. Under the strongest P-limited conditions, a more than 100-fold increase in SC-ALP activity was obtained; however, protein content of <i>A. platensis</i> decreased significantly (around 22–23% from 58%). Under a moderate P-limitation degree (at intracellular-P of 3.6 mg-P g<sup>−1</sup>), there was a relatively high SC-ALP activity (>28 U g<sup>−1</sup>) while simultaneously, a relative high protein content (46%) was attained, which reflects the possibility to produce <i>A. platensis</i> enriched in ALP retaining though its nutritional value as a protein rich biomass source. The paper presents also results on how several parameters of the ALP activity assay, such as pH, temperature etc., and post-harvest treatment (hydrothermal treatment and biomass drying), influence the SC-ALP activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:43:49Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:43:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3c7d3aa2fd649009bab4f5fb0cfc1372023-11-22T17:27:00ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542021-10-0181014210.3390/bioengineering8100142Bioprocess Optimization for the Production of <i>Arthrospira</i> (Spirulina) <i>platensis</i> Biomass Enriched in the Enzyme Alkaline PhosphataseGiorgos Markou0Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, L. Sof. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lykovrysi, GreeceThe enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is gaining interest because it exerts bioactive properties and may be a potentially important therapeutic agent for many disorders and diseases. Microalgae are considered an important novel source for the production of diverse bio-compounds and are gaining momentum as functional foods/feeds supplements. So far, studies for the production of ALP are limited to mammalian and partly to some heterotrophic microbial sources after its extraction and/or purification. <b>Methods:</b> <i>Arthrospira</i> was cultivated under P-limitation bioprocess and the effect of the P-limitation degree on the ALP enrichment was studied. The aim of this work was to optimize the cultivation of the edible and generally-recognized-as-safe (GRAS) cyanobacterium <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> for the production of single-cell (SC) biomass enriched in ALP as a potential novel functional diet supplement. <b>Results:</b> The results revealed that the relationship between intracellular-P and single-cell alkaline phosphatase (SC-ALP) activity was inverse; SC-ALP activity was the highest (around 50 U g<sup>−1</sup>) when intracellular-P was the lowest possible (around 1.7 mg-P g<sup>−1</sup>) and decreased gradually as P availability increased reaching around 0.5 U g<sup>−1</sup> in the control cultures. Under the strongest P-limited conditions, a more than 100-fold increase in SC-ALP activity was obtained; however, protein content of <i>A. platensis</i> decreased significantly (around 22–23% from 58%). Under a moderate P-limitation degree (at intracellular-P of 3.6 mg-P g<sup>−1</sup>), there was a relatively high SC-ALP activity (>28 U g<sup>−1</sup>) while simultaneously, a relative high protein content (46%) was attained, which reflects the possibility to produce <i>A. platensis</i> enriched in ALP retaining though its nutritional value as a protein rich biomass source. The paper presents also results on how several parameters of the ALP activity assay, such as pH, temperature etc., and post-harvest treatment (hydrothermal treatment and biomass drying), influence the SC-ALP activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/8/10/142alkaline phosphataseSpirulinafunctional foodbioprocessenzymes |
| spellingShingle | Giorgos Markou Bioprocess Optimization for the Production of <i>Arthrospira</i> (Spirulina) <i>platensis</i> Biomass Enriched in the Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase Bioengineering alkaline phosphatase Spirulina functional food bioprocess enzymes |
| title | Bioprocess Optimization for the Production of <i>Arthrospira</i> (Spirulina) <i>platensis</i> Biomass Enriched in the Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase |
| title_full | Bioprocess Optimization for the Production of <i>Arthrospira</i> (Spirulina) <i>platensis</i> Biomass Enriched in the Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase |
| title_fullStr | Bioprocess Optimization for the Production of <i>Arthrospira</i> (Spirulina) <i>platensis</i> Biomass Enriched in the Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioprocess Optimization for the Production of <i>Arthrospira</i> (Spirulina) <i>platensis</i> Biomass Enriched in the Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase |
| title_short | Bioprocess Optimization for the Production of <i>Arthrospira</i> (Spirulina) <i>platensis</i> Biomass Enriched in the Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase |
| title_sort | bioprocess optimization for the production of i arthrospira i spirulina i platensis i biomass enriched in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase |
| topic | alkaline phosphatase Spirulina functional food bioprocess enzymes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/8/10/142 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT giorgosmarkou bioprocessoptimizationfortheproductionofiarthrospiraispirulinaiplatensisibiomassenrichedintheenzymealkalinephosphatase |