Autophagic- and Lysosomal-Related Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: Lights and Shadows
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that currently affects 1% of the population over the age of 60 years, for which no disease-modifying treatments exist. This lack of effective treatments is related to the advanced stage of neurodegeneration existing at the time of di...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/11/1317 |
| _version_ | 1797764209524604928 |
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| author | Helena Xicoy Núria Peñuelas Miquel Vila Ariadna Laguna |
| author_facet | Helena Xicoy Núria Peñuelas Miquel Vila Ariadna Laguna |
| author_sort | Helena Xicoy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that currently affects 1% of the population over the age of 60 years, for which no disease-modifying treatments exist. This lack of effective treatments is related to the advanced stage of neurodegeneration existing at the time of diagnosis. Thus, the identification of early stage biomarkers is crucial. Biomarker discovery is often guided by the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to the pathology. One of the central pathways deregulated during PD, supported both by genetic and functional studies, is the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Hence, this review presents different studies on the expression and activity of autophagic and lysosomal proteins, and their functional consequences, performed in peripheral human biospecimens. Although most biomarkers are inconsistent between studies, some of them, namely HSC70 levels in sporadic PD patients, and cathepsin D levels and glucocerebrosidase activity in PD patients carrying <i>GBA</i> mutations, seem to be consistent. Hence, evidence exists that the impairment of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway underlying PD pathophysiology can be detected in peripheral biosamples and further tested as potential biomarkers. However, longitudinal, stratified, and standardized analyses are needed to confirm their clinical validity and utility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:52:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3caa92611f24d30b6460df2dac997f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:52:24Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3caa92611f24d30b6460df2dac997f32023-08-02T03:04:38ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092019-10-01811131710.3390/cells8111317cells8111317Autophagic- and Lysosomal-Related Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: Lights and ShadowsHelena Xicoy0Núria Peñuelas1Miquel Vila2Ariadna Laguna3Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035 Barcelona, SpainNeurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035 Barcelona, SpainNeurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035 Barcelona, SpainNeurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035 Barcelona, SpainParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that currently affects 1% of the population over the age of 60 years, for which no disease-modifying treatments exist. This lack of effective treatments is related to the advanced stage of neurodegeneration existing at the time of diagnosis. Thus, the identification of early stage biomarkers is crucial. Biomarker discovery is often guided by the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to the pathology. One of the central pathways deregulated during PD, supported both by genetic and functional studies, is the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Hence, this review presents different studies on the expression and activity of autophagic and lysosomal proteins, and their functional consequences, performed in peripheral human biospecimens. Although most biomarkers are inconsistent between studies, some of them, namely HSC70 levels in sporadic PD patients, and cathepsin D levels and glucocerebrosidase activity in PD patients carrying <i>GBA</i> mutations, seem to be consistent. Hence, evidence exists that the impairment of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway underlying PD pathophysiology can be detected in peripheral biosamples and further tested as potential biomarkers. However, longitudinal, stratified, and standardized analyses are needed to confirm their clinical validity and utility.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/11/1317parkinson’s diseasebiomarkerautophagylysosomeglucocerebrosidasealpha synuclein |
| spellingShingle | Helena Xicoy Núria Peñuelas Miquel Vila Ariadna Laguna Autophagic- and Lysosomal-Related Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: Lights and Shadows Cells parkinson’s disease biomarker autophagy lysosome glucocerebrosidase alpha synuclein |
| title | Autophagic- and Lysosomal-Related Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: Lights and Shadows |
| title_full | Autophagic- and Lysosomal-Related Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: Lights and Shadows |
| title_fullStr | Autophagic- and Lysosomal-Related Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: Lights and Shadows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autophagic- and Lysosomal-Related Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: Lights and Shadows |
| title_short | Autophagic- and Lysosomal-Related Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: Lights and Shadows |
| title_sort | autophagic and lysosomal related biomarkers for parkinson s disease lights and shadows |
| topic | parkinson’s disease biomarker autophagy lysosome glucocerebrosidase alpha synuclein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/11/1317 |
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