Associations between use of diabetes technology and diabetes distress: a Danish cross-sectional survey of adults with type 1 diabetes
Introduction The study aimed to investigate independent and combined associations between insulin delivery method (insulin pump therapy (IPT) vs multiple daily injections (MDI)), glucose monitoring method (intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) and real-time continuous glucose...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2024-03-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e080053.full |
| _version_ | 1797225105357537280 |
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| author | Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard Kirsten Nørgaard Signe Schmidt Ingrid Willaing Lene Eide Joensen Johanne Triantafyllou Lorenzen Kristoffer Panduro Madsen Bryan Cleal Karen Rytter |
| author_facet | Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard Kirsten Nørgaard Signe Schmidt Ingrid Willaing Lene Eide Joensen Johanne Triantafyllou Lorenzen Kristoffer Panduro Madsen Bryan Cleal Karen Rytter |
| author_sort | Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction The study aimed to investigate independent and combined associations between insulin delivery method (insulin pump therapy (IPT) vs multiple daily injections (MDI)), glucose monitoring method (intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) and real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) vs blood glucose metre (BGM)) and diabetes distress (DD) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Research design and methods We combined data from two Danish questionnaire-based surveys, the Steno Tech Survey (n=1591) and the Type 1 Diabetes Distress Scale (T1-DDS) validation survey (n=4205), in which individuals aged ≥18 years with T1D were invited to participate. The 28-item T1-DDS was used to measure DD and DD scores were categorised as little or no distress (score <2.0), moderate distress (2.0–2.9) and high distress (score ≥3.0). Associations between insulin delivery, glucose monitoring methods and DD were assessed using linear regression.Results Among 2068 adults with T1D who responded to one of the surveys, the use of IPT was associated with a lower total T1-DDS score (−0.09, 95% CI 0.16 to −0.03) compared with MDI and adjusted for glucose monitoring method. The use of CGM was associated with a higher total T1-DDS score (0.11, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.18) compared with BGM and adjusted for the insulin delivery method. IPT was still associated with a lower T1-DDS score, regardless of being combined with BGM (−0.17, 95% CI −0.28 to −0.06) or CGM (−0.13, 95% CI −0.21 to −0.05), compared with MDI with CGM. No association was found between the type of CGM (isCGM vs rtCGM) and DD among either IPT or MDI users when restricting analysis to individuals using CGM.Conclusions Among Danish adults with T1D, the use of IPT was associated with lower levels of DD, while CGM use was associated with higher levels of DD. DD should be addressed when introducing people with T1D to diabetes technology, CGM in particular.Trial registration number NCT04311164 (Results). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:03:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3cf3ed3a71d4bd4a9de7e7e0f82e8b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:03:43Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3cf3ed3a71d4bd4a9de7e7e0f82e8b52024-04-03T12:00:10ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552024-03-0114310.1136/bmjopen-2023-080053Associations between use of diabetes technology and diabetes distress: a Danish cross-sectional survey of adults with type 1 diabetesUlrik Pedersen-Bjergaard0Kirsten Nørgaard1Signe Schmidt2Ingrid Willaing3Lene Eide Joensen4Johanne Triantafyllou Lorenzen5Kristoffer Panduro Madsen6Bryan Cleal7Karen Rytter8Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kobenhavn, Capital Region of Denmark, DenmarkSteno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, DenmarkCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, DenmarkHealth Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, DenmarkDiabetes Management Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, DenmarkCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, DenmarkCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, DenmarkCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, DenmarkCopenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, DenmarkIntroduction The study aimed to investigate independent and combined associations between insulin delivery method (insulin pump therapy (IPT) vs multiple daily injections (MDI)), glucose monitoring method (intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) and real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) vs blood glucose metre (BGM)) and diabetes distress (DD) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Research design and methods We combined data from two Danish questionnaire-based surveys, the Steno Tech Survey (n=1591) and the Type 1 Diabetes Distress Scale (T1-DDS) validation survey (n=4205), in which individuals aged ≥18 years with T1D were invited to participate. The 28-item T1-DDS was used to measure DD and DD scores were categorised as little or no distress (score <2.0), moderate distress (2.0–2.9) and high distress (score ≥3.0). Associations between insulin delivery, glucose monitoring methods and DD were assessed using linear regression.Results Among 2068 adults with T1D who responded to one of the surveys, the use of IPT was associated with a lower total T1-DDS score (−0.09, 95% CI 0.16 to −0.03) compared with MDI and adjusted for glucose monitoring method. The use of CGM was associated with a higher total T1-DDS score (0.11, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.18) compared with BGM and adjusted for the insulin delivery method. IPT was still associated with a lower T1-DDS score, regardless of being combined with BGM (−0.17, 95% CI −0.28 to −0.06) or CGM (−0.13, 95% CI −0.21 to −0.05), compared with MDI with CGM. No association was found between the type of CGM (isCGM vs rtCGM) and DD among either IPT or MDI users when restricting analysis to individuals using CGM.Conclusions Among Danish adults with T1D, the use of IPT was associated with lower levels of DD, while CGM use was associated with higher levels of DD. DD should be addressed when introducing people with T1D to diabetes technology, CGM in particular.Trial registration number NCT04311164 (Results).https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e080053.full |
| spellingShingle | Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard Kirsten Nørgaard Signe Schmidt Ingrid Willaing Lene Eide Joensen Johanne Triantafyllou Lorenzen Kristoffer Panduro Madsen Bryan Cleal Karen Rytter Associations between use of diabetes technology and diabetes distress: a Danish cross-sectional survey of adults with type 1 diabetes BMJ Open |
| title | Associations between use of diabetes technology and diabetes distress: a Danish cross-sectional survey of adults with type 1 diabetes |
| title_full | Associations between use of diabetes technology and diabetes distress: a Danish cross-sectional survey of adults with type 1 diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Associations between use of diabetes technology and diabetes distress: a Danish cross-sectional survey of adults with type 1 diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations between use of diabetes technology and diabetes distress: a Danish cross-sectional survey of adults with type 1 diabetes |
| title_short | Associations between use of diabetes technology and diabetes distress: a Danish cross-sectional survey of adults with type 1 diabetes |
| title_sort | associations between use of diabetes technology and diabetes distress a danish cross sectional survey of adults with type 1 diabetes |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e080053.full |
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