Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Screening for Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review
BackgroundInsight in sex disparities in the detection of cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes-related complications may improve diabetes care. The aim of this systematic review is to study whether sex disparities exist in the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and screening for diabetes-r...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.617902/full |
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| author | Marit de Jong Sanne A. E. Peters Sanne A. E. Peters Sanne A. E. Peters Rianneke de Ritter Rianneke de Ritter Carla J. H. van der Kallen Carla J. H. van der Kallen Simone J. S. Sep Simone J. S. Sep Simone J. S. Sep Mark Woodward Mark Woodward Mark Woodward Coen D. A. Stehouwer Coen D. A. Stehouwer Michiel L. Bots Rimke C. Vos Rimke C. Vos |
| author_facet | Marit de Jong Sanne A. E. Peters Sanne A. E. Peters Sanne A. E. Peters Rianneke de Ritter Rianneke de Ritter Carla J. H. van der Kallen Carla J. H. van der Kallen Simone J. S. Sep Simone J. S. Sep Simone J. S. Sep Mark Woodward Mark Woodward Mark Woodward Coen D. A. Stehouwer Coen D. A. Stehouwer Michiel L. Bots Rimke C. Vos Rimke C. Vos |
| author_sort | Marit de Jong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundInsight in sex disparities in the detection of cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes-related complications may improve diabetes care. The aim of this systematic review is to study whether sex disparities exist in the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and screening for diabetes-related complications.MethodsPubMed was systematically searched up to April 2020, followed by manual reference screening and citations checks (snowballing) using Google Scholar. Observational studies were included if they reported on the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors (HbA1c, lipids, blood pressure, smoking status, or BMI) and/or screening for nephropathy, retinopathy, or performance of feet examinations, in men and women with diabetes separately. Studies adjusting their analyses for at least age, or when age was considered as a covariable but left out from the final analyses for various reasons (i.e. backward selection), were included for qualitative analyses. No meta-analyses were planned because substantial heterogeneity between studies was expected. A modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsOverall, 81 studies were included. The majority of the included studies were from Europe or North America (84%).The number of individuals per study ranged from 200 to 3,135,019 and data were extracted from various data sources in a variety of settings. Screening rates varied considerably across studies. For example, screening rates for retinopathy ranged from 13% to 90%, with half the studies reporting screening rates less than 50%. Mixed findings were found regarding the presence, magnitude, and direction of sex disparities with regard to the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and screening for diabetes-related complications, with some evidence suggesting that women, compared with men, may be more likely to receive retinopathy screening and less likely to receive foot exams.ConclusionOverall, no consistent pattern favoring men or women was found with regard to the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and screening for diabetes-related complications, and screening rates can be improved for both sexes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T20:51:58Z |
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| id | doaj.art-d3d05f8b06704785a5b725e3f2a319c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T20:51:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3d05f8b06704785a5b725e3f2a319c12022-12-21T18:13:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922021-03-011210.3389/fendo.2021.617902617902Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Screening for Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic ReviewMarit de Jong0Sanne A. E. Peters1Sanne A. E. Peters2Sanne A. E. Peters3Rianneke de Ritter4Rianneke de Ritter5Carla J. H. van der Kallen6Carla J. H. van der Kallen7Simone J. S. Sep8Simone J. S. Sep9Simone J. S. Sep10Mark Woodward11Mark Woodward12Mark Woodward13Coen D. A. Stehouwer14Coen D. A. Stehouwer15Michiel L. Bots16Rimke C. Vos17Rimke C. Vos18Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsThe George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, NetherlandsCARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, NetherlandsCARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, NetherlandsCARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NetherlandsCentre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Adelante, Hoensbroek, NetherlandsThe George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, NetherlandsCARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NetherlandsJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsDepartment Public Health and Primary Care / LUMC-Campus The Hagua, Leiden University Medical Center, Hague, NetherlandsBackgroundInsight in sex disparities in the detection of cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes-related complications may improve diabetes care. The aim of this systematic review is to study whether sex disparities exist in the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and screening for diabetes-related complications.MethodsPubMed was systematically searched up to April 2020, followed by manual reference screening and citations checks (snowballing) using Google Scholar. Observational studies were included if they reported on the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors (HbA1c, lipids, blood pressure, smoking status, or BMI) and/or screening for nephropathy, retinopathy, or performance of feet examinations, in men and women with diabetes separately. Studies adjusting their analyses for at least age, or when age was considered as a covariable but left out from the final analyses for various reasons (i.e. backward selection), were included for qualitative analyses. No meta-analyses were planned because substantial heterogeneity between studies was expected. A modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsOverall, 81 studies were included. The majority of the included studies were from Europe or North America (84%).The number of individuals per study ranged from 200 to 3,135,019 and data were extracted from various data sources in a variety of settings. Screening rates varied considerably across studies. For example, screening rates for retinopathy ranged from 13% to 90%, with half the studies reporting screening rates less than 50%. Mixed findings were found regarding the presence, magnitude, and direction of sex disparities with regard to the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and screening for diabetes-related complications, with some evidence suggesting that women, compared with men, may be more likely to receive retinopathy screening and less likely to receive foot exams.ConclusionOverall, no consistent pattern favoring men or women was found with regard to the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and screening for diabetes-related complications, and screening rates can be improved for both sexes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.617902/fulldiabetessex disparitiesrisk factorsdiabetes-related complicationshealthcare provisionscreening |
| spellingShingle | Marit de Jong Sanne A. E. Peters Sanne A. E. Peters Sanne A. E. Peters Rianneke de Ritter Rianneke de Ritter Carla J. H. van der Kallen Carla J. H. van der Kallen Simone J. S. Sep Simone J. S. Sep Simone J. S. Sep Mark Woodward Mark Woodward Mark Woodward Coen D. A. Stehouwer Coen D. A. Stehouwer Michiel L. Bots Rimke C. Vos Rimke C. Vos Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Screening for Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review Frontiers in Endocrinology diabetes sex disparities risk factors diabetes-related complications healthcare provision screening |
| title | Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Screening for Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Screening for Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Screening for Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Screening for Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Screening for Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | sex disparities in cardiovascular risk factor assessment and screening for diabetes related complications in individuals with diabetes a systematic review |
| topic | diabetes sex disparities risk factors diabetes-related complications healthcare provision screening |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.617902/full |
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