Complex Analysis of Vanillin and Syringic Acid as Natural Antimicrobial Agents against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Biofilms
The presence of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> biofilms on medical devices is a major cause of nosocomial diseases and infections. Extensive research is directed at inhibiting the formation and maturation of such biofilms. Natural plant-derived phenolic compounds have promising antimi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1816 |
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| author | Andrej Minich Zdenko Levarski Mária Mikulášová Marek Straka Adriána Liptáková Stanislav Stuchlík |
| author_facet | Andrej Minich Zdenko Levarski Mária Mikulášová Marek Straka Adriána Liptáková Stanislav Stuchlík |
| author_sort | Andrej Minich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The presence of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> biofilms on medical devices is a major cause of nosocomial diseases and infections. Extensive research is directed at inhibiting the formation and maturation of such biofilms. Natural plant-derived phenolic compounds have promising antimicrobial effects against drug-resistant bacteria. The anti-biofilm activity of two selected phenolic compounds (vanillin and syringic acid) was tested against three biofilm-forming methicillin-resistant <i>S. epidermidis</i> strains with different genotypes. Resazurin assay combining crystal violet staining and confocal microscopy was used for biofilm and extracellular polymer substance (EPS) inhibition tests. Effects on EPS compounds such as proteins, extracellular DNA, and polysaccharides were also examined. Combined with quantitative real-time PCR of selected <i>agr</i> quorum-sensing systems and biofilm genetic determinants, our complex analysis of vanillin and syringic acid showed similar biofilm and EPS inhibition effects on <i>S. epidermidis</i> strains, reducing biofilm formation up to 80% and EPS up to 55%, depending on the genotype of the tested strain. Natural antimicrobial agents are thus potentially useful inhibitors of biofilms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:44:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3dc894f285e4f36928321297bf67d13 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:44:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3dc894f285e4f36928321297bf67d132023-11-23T16:47:03ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-02-01233181610.3390/ijms23031816Complex Analysis of Vanillin and Syringic Acid as Natural Antimicrobial Agents against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> BiofilmsAndrej Minich0Zdenko Levarski1Mária Mikulášová2Marek Straka3Adriána Liptáková4Stanislav Stuchlík5Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84104 Bratislava, SlovakiaFaculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84104 Bratislava, SlovakiaFaculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84104 Bratislava, SlovakiaFaculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, SlovakiaFaculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, SlovakiaFaculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84104 Bratislava, SlovakiaThe presence of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> biofilms on medical devices is a major cause of nosocomial diseases and infections. Extensive research is directed at inhibiting the formation and maturation of such biofilms. Natural plant-derived phenolic compounds have promising antimicrobial effects against drug-resistant bacteria. The anti-biofilm activity of two selected phenolic compounds (vanillin and syringic acid) was tested against three biofilm-forming methicillin-resistant <i>S. epidermidis</i> strains with different genotypes. Resazurin assay combining crystal violet staining and confocal microscopy was used for biofilm and extracellular polymer substance (EPS) inhibition tests. Effects on EPS compounds such as proteins, extracellular DNA, and polysaccharides were also examined. Combined with quantitative real-time PCR of selected <i>agr</i> quorum-sensing systems and biofilm genetic determinants, our complex analysis of vanillin and syringic acid showed similar biofilm and EPS inhibition effects on <i>S. epidermidis</i> strains, reducing biofilm formation up to 80% and EPS up to 55%, depending on the genotype of the tested strain. Natural antimicrobial agents are thus potentially useful inhibitors of biofilms.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1816<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>biofilmquorum sensingvanillinsyringic acid |
| spellingShingle | Andrej Minich Zdenko Levarski Mária Mikulášová Marek Straka Adriána Liptáková Stanislav Stuchlík Complex Analysis of Vanillin and Syringic Acid as Natural Antimicrobial Agents against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Biofilms International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> biofilm quorum sensing vanillin syringic acid |
| title | Complex Analysis of Vanillin and Syringic Acid as Natural Antimicrobial Agents against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Biofilms |
| title_full | Complex Analysis of Vanillin and Syringic Acid as Natural Antimicrobial Agents against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Biofilms |
| title_fullStr | Complex Analysis of Vanillin and Syringic Acid as Natural Antimicrobial Agents against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Biofilms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Complex Analysis of Vanillin and Syringic Acid as Natural Antimicrobial Agents against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Biofilms |
| title_short | Complex Analysis of Vanillin and Syringic Acid as Natural Antimicrobial Agents against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Biofilms |
| title_sort | complex analysis of vanillin and syringic acid as natural antimicrobial agents against i staphylococcus epidermidis i biofilms |
| topic | <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> biofilm quorum sensing vanillin syringic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1816 |
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